Platos Myth of Er Essay example - 1024 Words

Fizza Raza Intro to Political Theory September 22, 2011 The purpose of the Myth of Er is to emphasize one of the points that Plato has been making throughout this whole book, that philosophy, or the quest for knowledge is essential in order to have a successful existence, either as a person or a group of people. One cannot work towards something until and unless he knows what that thing is and how to get there. It is only possible to study philosophy up to the point where one fully understands the Form of the Good, which is the ultimate form. Because of there being a limit to how much knowledge one can gain, it is not ridiculous to assume that one is able to reach that level of knowledge. Even though it’s almost impossible to perceive†¦show more content†¦This pushes one to investigate further beyond what is clearly visible and what is not and how to differentiate between the two, thus finding the idea nearest to the truth. In politics the primary concern of politicians should be the well being of the citizens they have rule over, therefore this myth has everything to do with politics. The well being of any citizen cannot be achieved unless there is justice in the political system, and just as with everything else, true justice cannot be accomplished without the knowledge of what the just is. This knowledge is impossible to gain without philosophy. The leaders of a political system must be the most educated and informed of what true justice is because the system is flawed; all sections down to the citizens will also have the same flaws. This does not mean that there be a perfect and just system of governing because that would be unrealistic and lead to acts considered inhumane, such as tearing apart families or getting rid of everyone that is not up to the standards of the city. Justice is basically being able to differentiate between what is right and what is wrong, and if it so happens that the leader s of a particular regime cannot adequately do so then it is dangerous for them to rule over anyone, for the sake of all parties involved. This will not guarantee a perfect life, but definitely one that is less troubled than the rest (Plato 303). It is against human nature to choose such a lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Nature Of Justice In Platos Myth Of Er1418 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s main purpose in Republic, one of his major philosophical works, is to explore and defend justice. After discussing the nature of justice and imagining an ideal city-state, Plato introduces the Myth of Er which tells of what happens to a soul after death. In the myth, a man named Er is chosen to bring the story of the dead back to the living. The Myth of Er is Plato’s last attempt to convince others of the profits of justice and lend legitimacy of his previous claims. It gives Republic a purposeRead MorePlatos Philosophy and Works1915 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Prompt: Book X of the Republ ic does not reflect the rest of Platos work. On the one hand, Plato stages a final showdown between philosophy and literature (or myth). On the other hand, the book concludes with the elaborate legend of Ers journey into the afterlife creating a determining myth factor. The prompt invites one to make sense of this contradiction. What is the point of the final myth? What does Plato manage to convey through it that he wasnt able to show or persuade with the philosophicalRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy1088 Words   |  5 PagesPlato lays the groundwork for Aristotle to develop his own theory. The two are not identical, however, Plato’s work made a lasting impression on Aristotle’s work regarding responsibility Aspects of life are best understood in their respected context. If a certain context suggests a type of interpretation, doing so will open the door to the passages true meaning. The same principal holds for Plato’s â€Å"Republic†. One should not be literal when trying to read the passage. The prior condition helps to moveRead MorePlato, The, And The Myth Of Er1757 Words   |  8 Pagesindirectly through the Myth of the Metals and the Myth of Er, stories created by ‘Socrates’ in order to help persuade the population of his fictitious city to obey certain rules and laws. â€Å"I went down to Piraeus yesterday with Glaucon to say a prayer to the goddess†¦After we had said our prayer and watched the procession, we started back toward town. Then Polemarchus, the son of Caphalus, saw us from a distance†¦and [asked] us to wait for him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (372a). From its first taste, Plato’s Republic features aRead MorePlatos Belief that the Human Soul is Immortal1297 Words   |  6 Pagesat Pentecost, descending as the Spirit to share life with the Christian church.† Thus the Trinity Doctrine was born out of Plato’s triad. The Goodness is God; the ideas are Jesus; and the World-Spirit is the Holy Spirit. All were the same theory except reshaped in order to fit into Christian doctrine. While the divine aspects of Christianity are obviously derived from Plato’s theories, it is also important to discuss human nature – more specifically the idea of the immortal soul. Plato believed inRead MorePlato, in the â€Å"Republic â€Å", ambitiously sets out to prove that art imitates reality by distracting900 Words   |  4 Pagesalso to find the truth. In Plato’s Republic, one of the most influencing books in history of philosophy, Plato begins with several crucial arguments. First he states that the artist produces an insubstantial â€Å"imitation† of objects in the sensible world that are themselves less real than the forms, which comprise reality itself (Plato.2009.598b). Further, he states that poesis is psychologically damaging in its subversion of reason (Plato.2009.441e).The intensity of Plato’s argument consists from hisRead MoreThe Tripartite Theory Of The Soul1196 Words   |  5 PagesDaryl Claude Medina Professor Morrissey PHIL 3105 April 8, 2016 The Tripartite Theory of the Soul Plato’s theory of tripartite soul focuses on the nature of human psyche. In the Republic, Plato (using the character â€Å"Socrates† as his mouthpiece) introduces this theory and claims that the soul contains three constituent elements: the appetitive, the rational, and the spirited parts. These three separate elements of the soul are organized in a hierarchy with reason being the superior of the two andRead More Platos The Republic Books 6 Through 10 Essay931 Words   |  4 Pages Plato’s The Republic Books 6 through 10 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In books 6 through 10 of Plato’s Republic, we see many different discussions on the subject of justice, philosophy, and goodness. The philosopher Socrates has now defined what a philosopher is. His next task is to show that a philosopher is best qualified to be the ruler of a state. A good ruler must surely know what Justice and Goodness are, for he must administer Justice and always act for the good of the community. But aRead More Plato Essay example1737 Words   |  7 PagesCritias, was the leader of the Thirty Tyrants who were installed in power by the victorious Spartans. One means of perpetuating themselves in power was to implicate as many Athenians as possible in their atrocious acts. Thus Socrates, as we learn in Platos Apology, was ordered to arrest a man and bring him to Athens from Salamis for execution. When the great teacher refused, his life was in jeopardy, and he was probably saved only by the overthrow of the Thirty and the reestabli shment of the democracyRead MoreAltered-States-of-Consciouness (ASC): The Causes and the Impact on Society2155 Words   |  9 PagesReligion is fraught with stories and myths of otherworldly journeys. There are a variety of reasons; however, the two main ones one may notice are humans’ innate pattern recognition, and our necessity to define and understand the world in which we live. These otherworldly excursions, out-of-body-experiences OBEs, near-death-experiences NDEs, and altered-states-of-consciousness ASCs are side effects of trauma rather than real experiences. In this paper ASC will be the basic reference unless otherwise

What Is Love “The Great Gatsby” Free Essays

The great depression, bootleggers, Jazz, flappers and changing lifestyles are all part of the roaring 20’s. A time when women redefined themselves and music grew to an all time high. This revolutionary and dynamic decade is the setting for The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† both by F. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Love â€Å"The Great Gatsby† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scott Fitzgerald. Set in New York, The Great Gatsby is the story of James Gatz, a newly rich man who tries to regain the love of his past girlfriend, Daisy, who is already married. The story â€Å"Winter Dreams†, set in Minnesota, is the story of Dexter, a boy who falls in love with an even younger girl, Judy Jones, who falls back into love with Dexter despite the constant attention of her previous husband , who seeks her love explains their complicated love lives. In both, works The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† Fitzgerald discusses the theme of unrequited love, in which two men spend their entire lives and effort to win over a woman’s heart even though their loves goes unreturned Winter Dreams† shows the theme of unrequited love. To establish this theme, the reader finds out that â€Å"his heart turned over like the fly wheel of the boat, and, for the second time, her casual whim gave a new direction to his life†(Fitzgerald). This shows us that Dexter’s heart is totally enveloped in Judy and he is madly in love with her. It also shows that, even the slightest sound sends him over the edge. A man doing anything for a girl is also clear in The Great Gatsby. Furthermore ,The theme of unrequited love is shown in The Great Gatsby. To help demonstrate this theme, the reader finds out that â€Å"Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay†(Fitzgerald, 83). This shows that Gatsby is obsessed with Daisy and will do anything to be near her. Finally, it indicates that Gatsby will do anything to keep an eye on her, even if it means moving or buying a house near her. In both the novel and the short story, men almost go crazy to possess the girl of their dreams, but both are tragically denied this opportunity only after they have spent all their time and effort pursuing unrequited love. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby is murdered for something that Daisy does, and in â€Å"Winter Dreams† Dexter must realize that he will never be able to have his love and that it is best for both of them to give up. in that day, women where considered coquette today, we call them flirts. Women should not have been taking advantage of the men by walking all over the men but men should not have fallen for their selfish ways. So much for the American dream of true love. How to cite What Is Love â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, Papers

Rap Artists Focus Heavily on Race in Music and Music Videos

Question: Discuss why rap artists focus heavily on race in music and music videos. Answer: Introduction Over the years there have been number of research on content analysis of rap music and music videos. These researches have mainly focused on the controversial contents of music mainly used by rappers and hip hop music artists. The present report will take an opportunity to discuss why rappers and singers use race and racialisation as the subject for music making and underpin the study with relevant discussion. Discuss why rap artists focus heavily on race in music and music videos For over a long period of time scholars have worked on the content analysis of rap songs and music videos that have used race as its mainstay. Race and racism has been a key aspect for rappers and their songs to delineate the constant atrocities on black folks. Some of the renowned rappers of contemporary music have showed their discontent and displayed their pain about the differentiation made between people only based on color. Their songs and lyrics have reflected their agony for black men (Conrad et al., 2009 p, 36). The legacy of slavery and racialisation has been the core subject for their lyrics and their music. For instance the song by Project Pat I Aint Goin Back To Jail shows how easily racism can take hold of men especially black men. Over the years black people have served as slaves and have worked in other inferior positions making them the inferior class of people by default. These rappers and hip hop singers mostly use them since it becomes a purely saleable music. The song by Beanie Sigel What Ya Life Like shows that how race has always been a matter of controversy and how the superior races feed on inferior races (Cooky et al., 2010 p, 51). Yes, it directly indicates that white men have always tamed the black race and the constant turmoil between both these races emanate as the essence of rap music. It could be said that it is a way of protesting that rappers like Beanie Sigel, Project Pat, Slick Rick have taken up to display their understanding of racism and also to sale music which unequivocally is not the sole purpose (Turner, 2011 p, 65). Conclusion It has been seen that over the years the usage of the concept of race has only increased as most of the rap singers have sold their music using race as the pillar for their music. The present study has tried to discuss its reasons and have tried to give a clear view on this aspect. Overall it could be said that the study has been able to cover the objectives and hence it has helped to complete the study successfully. References Conrad, K., Dixon, T. L., Zhang, Y. (2009). Controversial rap themes, gender portrayals and skin tone distortion: A content analysis of rap music videos.Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media,53(1), 134-156. Cooky, C., Wachs, F. L., Messner, M., Dworkin, S. L. (2010). Its not about the game: Don Imus, race, class, gender and sexuality in contemporary media.Sociology of Sport Journal,27(2), 139-159. Turner, J. S. (2011). Sex and the spectacle of music videos: An examination of the portrayal of race and sexuality in music videos.Sex Roles,64(3-4), 173-191.

The False Moon by Shirley Golden Essay Example

The False Moon by Shirley Golden Paper Socialization is the procedure where a child slowly develops into an independent person. During the process, sociologists say that the main socialization happens at home. We reflect ourselves in our parents. It is therefore central for children to have stable homes, with good values and love, which is the essence of this short story. The False Moon is written by the American writer, Shirley Golden, in 2011. In this assignment I want to analyse the short story by looking at the narrator, the main character relationship to his mother, the title and the symbols. The short story is told by a first-person narrator, who is called Matt. On page 1, line 14, we get a physical description of the narrator, which helps us visualize how he looks: â€Å"I’m lanky, skinny, Im told, with large eyes and lashes more suited to a girl†. We also get the impression of him being lazy and tired of life. Page 1, line 26: â€Å"It was easy not to care, and I wasnt the sort to start a fight†. Here we can feel how tired the narrator is of his life conditions. Matt is very fervent about painting, and this is the only thing which drives him, which you can see on page 3, line 103: â€Å"Nothing else is important, not checking in at registration, not the fact Im covered in bruises from the gang down the road. This quote shows that nothing else than painting is important in his life. We will write a custom essay sample on The False Moon by Shirley Golden specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The False Moon by Shirley Golden specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The False Moon by Shirley Golden specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On page 2, line 42 the narrator says: â€Å"I didnt trust words, and that excluded me from most subjects; and I struggled with numbers, which barred me from the rest. But lines were reliable. I’d always liked lines. Here again, we get the impression that painting means everything to him, since it typically consists of lines. In contrast, he tells the reader that he does not trust words, which could have something to do with his relationship too his mother, because he thinks that the most things she says to him is bullshit. (Page 1, l. 12). The reason he likes lines so much, is becaus

25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out

25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out 25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out 25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out By Mark Nichol Numerous idioms ending with the word out exist, but only a select group serve (in open form) both as verb phrases and (in hyphenated or closed form) as compound nouns; â€Å"tune out,† for example, describes the act of ignoring sensory stimuli, but one does not refer to a tune-out as an instance of such behavior, though one can, for example, either bail out or experience a bailout. These pairs, and their meanings (with occasional divergence of meaning between a verb phrase and the similar-looking compound noun- and sometimes one form applies only to one or some but not all senses of the other), are listed below. 1a. bail out: scoop water out of a leaking boat, parachute from an aircraft, depart from a difficult situation, or provide financial assistance to a person or a company 1b. bailout: financial assistance to a company 2a. black out: lose consciousness 2b. blackout: a loss of consciousness, or a power outage 3a. blow out: extinguish or cause loss of air 3b. blowout: a sudden loss of air from a tire, a large celebration, or a decisive victory in sports 4a. break out: develop a rash or similar condition or suddenly perspire, or escape from a condition (such as spate of bad luck) or a situation (such as confinement) 4b. breakout: an escape, especially from jail, or an adjective referring to a sudden comparative success 5a. burn out: suffer from stress exhaustion 5b. burnout: the condition of being exhausted by stress, or a person suffering this condition, or a period during which a jet or rocket engine stops working because it is deprived of fuel 6a. call out: announce, summon to act, challenge someone to a duel, or announce a labor strike 6b. callout: an instance of calling out, or a detail or excerpt adjacent to an article or image in a print or online publication or a reference to another piece of content 7a. camp out: go on a camping trip 7b. campout: a camping trip 8a. carry out: bring something outside, or accomplish, execute, or continue to conclusion 8b. carryout: food prepared in a restaurant to be delivered to or taken by customers to eat elsewhere, or a restaurant that prepares carryout 9a. cash out: convert noncash assets to cash 9b. cash-out: an act of converting noncash assets to cash 10a. check out: investigate or look at, pay for goods in a store, or leave a place of lodging; also, slang for die or that refers to ceasing to pay attention or make an effort 10b. checkout: the location for paying for goods in a store, or leaving a place of lodging or the deadline for doing so 11a. clean out: dispose of unwanted items, or use up all available funds or steal all items available 11b. cleanout: an act of cleaning out or disposing of unwanted items, or a covered opening for cleaning out an enclosed space 12a. close out: dispose of or sell, or conclude or discontinue, or exclude or preclude 12b. closeout: a sale to clear inventory or before closing a store, or a product being sold at such a sale 13a. cook out: dissipate by cooking (as in alcohol in cooking wine) 13b. cookout: preparation and serving of a meal outdoors 14a. cop out: avoid or neglect 14b. copout: an act of avoidance or neglect 15a. cross out: mark a line or X through a mistake 15b. crossout: an act of marking a mistake 16a. cut out: form a shape from a piece of something by cutting from a larger piece, defraud or deprive, erode or put an end to, disconnect or cause to no longer operate, or leave quickly or take the place of or separate, or used in the phrase â€Å"(one) has/have (one’s) work cut out for (one)† to express that someone has a difficult task to complete 16b. cutout: a piece of something cut out from a larger piece 17a. die out: become extinct 17b. die-out: an instance of extinction 18a. drop out: cease enrollment at or participation in something 18b. dropout: on who ceases enrollment at or participation in something 19a. fall out: plunge from an enclosed object or space into the open 19b. fallout: bad effect or result, or radioactive particles from a nuclear explosion that fall through the atmosphere 20a. gross out: disgust, insult, or offend with something unpleasant 20b. gross-out: something disgusting, or an instance of being disgusted 21a. knock out: render unconscious with a blow 21b. knockout: a blow that renders the victim unconscious, or slang for a particularly attractive woman 22a. roll out: introduce or release a product or service, or, as a quarterback, run to either side to complete a play 22b. rollout: an introduction or release of a product or service, or a football play in which the quarterback moves to either side before passing the ball or running with it 23a. shoot out: eject from something 23b. shootout: a gun battle, or a conflict 24a. time out: run out of time 24b. time-out: in sports, a pause in a game called by one of the teams or, when a game is televised, by the network for a commercial; also, a period during which a misbehaving child is isolated 25a. turn out: attend an event, or said in reference to the result of an action 25b. turnout: the number of people who attend an event, or a space for vehicles to pull off to the side of the road, a clearing out or a yield, or a set of equipment or a manner of dress (also, in British English, a labor strike or a striker) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Learn More About the Types of Coffee Served in Italy

Learn More About the Types of Coffee Served in Italy Espresso,  caffà ¨ normale,  cappuccino; sometimes it seems that there are as many types of coffee in Italy as there are  kinds of pasta. And just like pasta, Italian coffee is an art form with many customs and traditions. Whether its a  caffà ¨ corretto  thrown back like a shot, acappuccino  and brioche for breakfast or a  granita di caffà ¨ con panna  to cool off from the hot midday sun, in Italy, there is a coffee drink specific for every time and mood. The Perfect  Tazza Want to start a heated discussion in Italy? Ask a group of friends how to make a perfect cup of stove top espresso! There are fully automatic espresso makers, pump-driven espresso machines, lever piston espresso machines, and, of course, the classic  aluminum espresso coffee maker  (also called a moka pot or The Moka Express), which was invented in the 1930s. Italian coffee  tifosi  in search of the perfect cup will also debate various factors such as bean type,  blade vs. burr grinders, tamp pressure, water temperature and humidity. Caffeine junkies not only have their favorite local  torrefazione  (coffee house), but even prefer certain   baristi  because of their ability to deliver a perfect  caffà ¨ espresso. S Marks the Pot (of Coffee) No one expects a first-time visitor to Italy to trill their rs like a native Italian speaker. But if you dont want to be labeled  maleducato  when ordering a coffee in Italy its  espresso, not expresso. Both will quicken your heart rate, but an  expresso  is a fast train and an  espressois a small cup of very strong coffee. And  caffà ¨Ã‚  (with two fs) is both the beverage and the locale that serves it. What kind of coffee should you order in a caffà ¨? The possibilities can be as daunting as a  Starbucks menu. Below is a list of the most popular caffeine-laden drinks. Keep in mind, too, Italians generally dont drink coffee with any meal except breakfast. Coffee is often ordered after a meal and -   che vergogna!  - only the unwitting tourist will order a cappuccino in a restaurant after lunch or dinner. When ordering an after-dinner coffee, do not ask for an espresso, ask for un caffà ¨, per favore. Italian Vocabulary List: Coffee caffà ¨ (espresso)- a small cup of very strong coffee, i.e., espressocaffà ¨ Americano- American-style coffee, but stronger; weaker than espresso and served in a large cupcaffà ¨ corretto- coffee corrected with a shot of grappa, cognac, or another spiritcaffà ¨ doppio- double espressocaffà ¨ freddo- iced coffeecaffà ¨ Hag- decaffeinated coffeecaffà ¨ latte- hot milk mixed with coffee and served in a glass for breakfastcaffà ¨ macchiato- espresso stained with a drop of steamed milk: small version of a cappuccinocaffà ¨ marocchino- espresso with a dash of hot milk and cacao powdercaffà ¨ schiumato- similar to a macchiato, but with milk foam insteadcaffà ¨ stretto- espresso with less water; rocket fuel!cappuccino- espresso infused with steamed milk and drunk in the morning, but never after lunch or dinnergranita di caffà ¨ con panna- frozen, iced beverage (similar to a slush, but ice shavings make it authentic) and topped with whipped creamshakerato- espresso with sugar shak en to a froth over ice and topped with foam

C. Wright Mills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

C. Wright Mills - Essay Example Mills is known for his masterpieces like "The New Men of Power: America's Labor Leaders" (1948) which is basically a study of the Labour Metaphysics and how labour leaders have cooperated with the business officials to the disadvantage of the worker,while the workforce stays happy with mere "bread and butter" and has assumed a rather subordinate to role to such leaders. Another one of his classics is the book White Collar: The American Middle Classes (1951) which continues his stance against the officials and the bureaucracy who he accuses of suppressing the common individual by the tactic of overworking him and charging him a large amount of taxes. The immense work pressure on the worker causes him to suffer from alienation and imposes upon him a robot like existence in return for financial remuneration. His other important works include The Sociological Imagination (1959) in which he has tried to demonstrate a link between history biography and sociology. Other works include The Causes of World War Three (1958), Listen, Yankee: The Revolution in Cuba (1960), and The Marxists (1962). Academics have argued over whether Mills was a Marxist or a follower of liberalism. He felt more comfortable as a humanist Marxist than being called a follower of Max Weber. Mills was in agreement with other Marxist sociologists that the American suffers from the great divide between the weak and the powerful. The weak are suppressed and they feel alienated. He has made some interesting observations in his works like the one below; When, in a city of 100,000, only one man is unemployed, that is his personal trouble, and for its relief we properly look to the character of the man, his skills, and his immediate opportunities. But when in a nation of 50 million employees, 15 million men are unemployed, that is an issue, and we may not hope to find its solution within the range of opportunities open to any one individual. ( The Sociological Imagination 1959). The Power Elite Coming to one of his most prominent works, in 1956 he wrote the book The Power Elite (1956) in which he has analysed the US structure of power in its three forms i.e. the political, military, and economic elite whom he accuses of sharing similar views which are aimed at suppressing the working classes. The book was tremendously influential when it came out and even today it is a source of inspiration in socio-political academics. He has focused on the power structure of the US politics and military in the post World War II era. The Power Elite reflects a kind of trilogy of the US society and it was a follow up to his other books like The New Men of Power (1948) and White Collar (1951).Like all masterpieces it attracted much negative academic and political controversy at the time of its publication. Mills brazenly accused the elitists as "the warlords," "the higher immorality," "the power elite," "crackpot realism," and "organized irresponsibility,". The book was so well researched that it had 47 pages of Notes and was a full scale study of the structure and distribution of power in the United States. It was

Time Management for the Adult Learner Research Paper

Time Management for the Adult Learner - Research Paper Example Before actually getting enrolled in a course, the adult learner needs to layout reasons as to why or why not there is a need to go back to the university. For regular students, this task may not seem to be of any difficulty at all. For the adult learner, giving up receiving paychecks on a regular basis to earn a degree is a challenging dilemma. Though the degree would give them a better shot for a promotion at work and in getting more digits on the paychecks, the whole course would cost a lot and would add up to the monthly bills waiting to be settled on a regular basis (KeyOrganization.Com, 2011). The dilemma goes on with regards to weighing paychecks that are currently being received with the diploma which is still a goal to be achieved. Even with the better opportunity that lies ahead once the diploma is received, would it be worth it to sacrifice the instability of not earning enough to support the cost of living at present? Though there are scholarships that are being offered, the hours spent at the university could be spent at work to earn additional amount of money (Zupek, 2009). There are companies who may consider employees who are working part-time due to the fact that as the employee is enrolled at a course. However, there are also establishments that have particular needs with regards to working hours and most of the time could not make any special arrangements to accommodate adult learners who are employed under their firm. If the latter situation applies in the firm an adult learner is employed, therefore the student would need to give up the career and look for another that can accommodate school hours (Zuperk, 2009). This factor is just the start of a number of dilemmas that the aspiring adult learner needs to arrange before the actual learning experience in a school environment. It is a totally different story once the actual education experience takes place. Once the adult learner enters the university, there is

George Orwells The Lion and the Unicorn Essay Example for Free

George Orwells The Lion and the Unicorn Essay George Orwell, the author of The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius, wrote this essay during the British leadership crisis in the beginnings of World War II. Wanting to unify the English, he reminds them of their past and how it makes them stand out as a nation. While writing to the elite intellectuals, he also worked to unify the middle and working classes. He writes to the English people to relate to them through maintaining their tradition, culture, and faith in the government by using culture and customs that both are familiar to and will unite the country. In this way, he reminds the people that although they may be different they all live in the same country. Though Orwell strongly was against some of the things his country did, he believed he always had a duty to her. Many people thought he was anti-war and military, but, in fact, he said he would always fight for his country no matter what the battle. He even tried reenlisting on September 9th, 1939 (Rossi, p128). To fully understand the content, knowledge of Orwells personal history, Britains history, customs and culture are necessities. At this time, Britain was about to go into war. Germany and Italy had led their countries by dictators and totalitarianism. Orwell hated totalitarianism because it supported the intellectuals and upper class. He also did not see much of a difference between fascism and capitalism. He believed that both gave too much power to too few and that would corrupt the English. Orwells goal was not only to educate and bring together Britains people, but almost threaten the intellectuals. He tries to show England that they are unique in comparison to other countries because they do not need communism, capitalism, or fascism. About England he says, the beer is bitterer, the coins are heavier, the grass is greener†¦ mild knobby faces, their bad teeth, and gentle manners, are different from a European crowd (Orwell p57). In this quotation, Orwell explains to his fellow countrymen what makes them English and why they should be proud. He wanted to join them nationally into socialism because the people are in the fields and the streets, in the factories and the armed forces, in the four ale bar and suburban back garden (Orwell p 59). He told the Partisan Review in January 1941 that the bulk of the middle class are just as anti-Hitler as the working class, and their morale is probably more reliable (Rossi p128). He wanted to make the point  that the middle class was essential in the changing England. Historians use The Lion and the Unicorn as a great source to show what a cross road England was at before the war. It is also a source as to the beginnings of socialism in mid-twentieth century Britain. England had so many different directions to go and not many intellectuals agreed on just one. Orwell was often compared to two other socialists, William Morris and H.G. Wells. Orwell often had conflicts with H.G. Wells who wrote such novels as War of the Worlds and The Invisible Man. Wells was also considered a socialist claiming democracy to be inefficient. Wells believes that putting power in the hands of the ignorant lower class would be a disaster. He also thought nationalism was unrealistic because no country could be independently powerful. Their biggest difference was Orwell believed that man would evolve better by law whereas Wells believed he would improve by science and technology (Partington p50). Orwell and William Morris show more similarities to each other. Morris, a poet and artist, is one of the fathers of socialism in England and lived in the nineteenth century. He is best known for his works The Wood Beyond the World and The Well at the Worlds End. Many historians believe his ideas are parallel to Orwells because they both write romantically about their country and the liberty and justice of it (Vaninskaya p19). Orwells main purpose in writing The Lion and the Unicorn is to convince the people the importance of a social revolution. Orwells work is used in reference to the history of socialism, patriotism, and nationalism. Today parts of socialism, capitalism, communism, and fascism are all still thriving. Even though socialism doesnt run Britain, it did bring about a lot of changes. Because of it Britain has public healthcare, housing for the poor and affordable universities for the working class. Many people feel that Orwells arguments were empty and accomplished nothing, but they cannot deny the results of socialist democratic influence. He believed the only way to accomplish this was an England united by a deep sense of patriotism. Bibliography: Orwell, George. The Lion and the Unicorn; Socialism and the English Genius London 1941Partington, S. John. The Pen as Sword: George  Orwell, H.G. Wells and Journalistic Parricide Journal of Contemporary January 01, 2004, Vol. 39 Number 1 p45-56, 12pRossi, John P. George Orwells Concept of Patriotism. Spring 2001, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p128, 5pVaninskaya, Anna. The bugle of justice: the romantic socialism of William Morris and George Orwell. Contemporary Justice Review, March 2005, Vol. 8 Number 1 p7-23, 17p

a scribes tale :: Free Essay Writer

A Scribes Tale Sometimes I wonder how I get myself into these situations. The last time I was almost sure my lifeless body would be lying on a burning pedestal, with the few friends I have staring on in sadness. I can stop wondering though – I asked to be here. It’s quiet right now, only the sound of the wolves in the distance and the chuckling laughter coming from the group as they drink themselves into numbness by the fire before they turn in for the night. I hope they plan to end soon – we are to wake early so that we may gain entry to the Keep by dawn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are an odd sort of adventurers. Their self appointed leader, Pheneis, is a legend in his own time. He is also the only reason I agreed to accompany this party as their scribe. He is an amazing, yet arrogant, fighter. I have heard many songs written by bards in his honor. I feel that I will be safer on this adventure than in the past, mainly because he agreed to help protect me (which he only agreed to if I give him due credit in my writings). There are five other members in this party. Each of them brings their own special flair. One is named Leon, a short, stocky little dwarf. Very handy with a battleaxe, but calling him rude would be an understatement. The second member is Galidar, a remarkable archer. He is a half-elf (his father was a human that fell in love with a beautiful elf from High Elm), and nobody seems to like him much, but they seem to respect his ability a great deal. Thirdly we have Maewyn; beautiful in her own rights, but I would never make her mad if I wanted to remain in this life. She is a talented mage with a short temper. Before leaving the town of Dandale I saw her turn an elf the deepest shade of purple simply because he made fun of her for doing tricks to entertain some of the town children. He felt this was a waste of her talents. Since dark elves are not allowed within the city, she felt the reactions that he received after her little color trick was plenty of entertainment for the children for about an hour until she finally dispelled her magic upon him. Now, none of these three are much heard of, but the forth is another story.

Code of Conduct BLANK, Inc Essay

To ensure the safety of each employee and customer of BLANK, Inc., each member of the company must understand, comply to, and sign the company’s code of conduct. 1. Employees must maintain the highest standard of business conduct by providing only accurate and truthful business records. The company must relay on the honesty of the employee to accurately maintain business operations and records. 2. Employees must not mishandle company property and equipment. Each employee must maintain his or her work space and equipment for safety purposes. 3. Employees must protect confidential information. Protecting clients and company confidential information is of high importance, not only for the company and existing clients but also future clients. 4. Employees must treat fellow employees and clients with respect and dignity. Any form of harassment and / or discrimination, intentional or unintentional, about, including but not limited to, race, culture, gender, and sexual orientation will not be tolerated. 5.Employees must not enter into any conflicts of interest with other companies of the same business. The employees are forbidden to conduct business with other companies in the same business. By signing this Code of Conduct the employee understands and complies with each point. The employee also understands that by signing the Code of Conduct, this document becomes a binding contract between the employee and BLANK, Inc.. Violating these rules an employee can and will be disciplined in the form of suspension and/ or termination of BLANK, Inc. In case of termination, the former employee will not allowed to conduct business of the same as BLANK, Inc. within 100-mile radius.

Investigating the effectiveness of human resource management Essay

A) Terms of Reference On the 1st of October 2003, the management department requested a report written investigating the effectiveness of human resource management at McDonald’s Restaurants Limited, and how this operation helps the organisation achieve their strategic aims. The report was to be submitted on the 9th December 2003. B) Executive summary McDonalds has various business strategies being introduced over the next two years. The report investigates how the Human Resource Management (HRM) practice enables the strategic plans to be achieved. McDonalds are expanding the number of restaurants in India, while closing selected stores in the UK, plans to change packaging, deco and uniform will affect the culture of the organisation. McDonalds are also diversifying, ‘McKids’, brand of clothing, and toys. It is the HRM policies that will ensure a smooth change over. The major concern is the cultural change; HRM must ensure that staff are involved in the changes allowing them to ‘buy’ into the plans. The extension plans should run efficiently as all the policies and legislation should already be in place. The investment in ‘McKids’ could prove difficult for HRM, because they are dealing with a separate market. The current polices in place cover a wide range of issues, which are sufficient for McDonalds strategic plans. C) Introduction McDonald’s fast food chain began in America in 1954, developing into a recognised worldwide establishment. McDonalds now has over â€Å"30,000 restaurants serving more than 46 million people each in 121 countries and territories† 1. The first British restaurant opened in 1973, expanding to 1,184 restaurants; however â€Å"80% of McDonalds restaurants are operated by independent franchisees†2. D) Methodology The information was gathered using â€Å"textbooks† from the library, the Internet, and a â€Å"student pack† from McDonalds Limited. E) Their present and anticipated strategy In order for a company to reach its goals, aims and objectives, a strategic plan should be implemented, allowing the company to establish ‘whom they are’, ‘their aims and objectives’, ‘future position’ and ‘how they are going to get there’. Strategic planning also confirms the attainment of their goals. Lynch (2002) says, â€Å"Strategy can be described as the identification of the purpose of the organisation and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose†3. While Kenneth Andrews believes that strategic planning is † a pattern of decisions†¦which represents the unity, coherence and internal consistency of a company’s strategic decisions that position a company in its environment and to give the firm its identity, its power to mobilise its strengths, and in its likelihood of success in the market place†4. Alfred D Chandler (1962) states, â€Å"Strategy is the determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out those goals†5. Although varying, all are concerned with the company’s planning, objectives and goals. Strategic planning is organised by top management; the plan represents directions the company needs to take at different times. There are five steps in strategic planning; firstly, identify the business and develop a mission statement, showing the company’s overall aims and objectives. This statement is used to motivate employees, customers and other interested parties. McDonald’s mission statement is â€Å"McDonald’s vision is to be the UK’s best quick service restaurant experience†6. Secondly, translate the mission statement into strategic goals; thirdly, create an action plan to attain those goals. Fourthly, introduce the strategic planning, and finally evaluate the results to determine whether changes are required. McDonald’s currently holds the largest market share of restaurants chains, at â€Å"7.3%†7; the nearest competitor is Burger King holding â€Å"3%†8 of the market. UK sales have risen dramatically over the last 27 years, and in 2001 sales reached in â€Å"excess of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.6 billion†9, however according to an Evening Standard report â€Å"pre tax profits dropped by 20% last year†10. McDonald’s intends introducing many new strategies, over the next two years. McDonalds, Chief Marketing Officer, â€Å"outlined a number of strategic global plans for McDonald’s† †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ they â€Å"intend to roll out a healthy lifestyle programme called Go Active†, â€Å"Make greater use of Ronald McDonald the face of the brand†, and introduce â€Å"global licensing programme called McKids, initially applied to clothing and Toys†11. In a separate interview he reports of numerous plans being introduced, â€Å"A worldwide advertising campaign†, â€Å"launch of global packaging concept†, â€Å"ongoing review of staff training, new products, and uniforms and the introduction of a loyalty scheme†, and to become â€Å"a leader in healthy eating†12. McDonald’s are installing â€Å"Wi-fi nodes†13 in many restaurants, allowing customers’ access to the Internet. Expansion plans are also intended f or India, where â€Å"McDonald’s plans to double its outlets over the next three years†14 F) Its current HRM practices HRM deals with the ‘Human’ aspect of a company, such as recruitment, selection, training, provisions of contracts, equal opportunities, dismissals and redundancy, welfare and health and safety. HRM is responsible for issues affecting employees and their relationship with the company. HRM developed from personnel management in the 80’s. The concept of management practice dates back to the 19th century, when some employers became concerned about employees working conditions. Rowntree’s appointed the first welfare worker, in 1896, to â€Å"ensure the well being of women and children in the workforce and to watch over their behaviour†15. Welfare work is still an aspect of HRM, although not so necessary within today’s society. It is these early approaches of Rowntrees, Cadburys and Robert Owen, which clearly show the development of HRM. HRM is defined as â€Å"a rational approach to the effective recruitment, retention, and deployment of people within an organisation, including, when necessary, arrangements for dismissing staff†16. Within the UK, McDonald’s employs â€Å"47,735 people†17. McDonalds expects the highest standards of quality, service and cleanliness towards the customers from its employees; they also require staff to have a positive attitude towards themselves, customers and other staff members. McDonalds employs local people, and ensures that employees are selected, trained, promoted and treated on the basis of their skills. Their policy states that McDonald’s will provide career opportunities, challenging and rewarding work, providing pay on performance. There are two levels of recruitment within the company, management and hourly paid staff. McDonalds offers staff flexible working hours suiting individual preferences. The hourly rate for staff exceeds the national minimum wage, salaried management earning between à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12000 and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½64000. Staff are entitled to various benefits, health care, pension, company car, bonus scheme, sick pay and stock options. McDonalds supports the ‘Opportunity Now’ Campaign, increasing the number of women they employ, â€Å"43.30%†18 of their workforce is female. The company now allows qualifying staff up to eight weeks paid maternity or paternity leave. The company works closely with various disabled organisations, and employs where possible disabled people. The diversity development within the company insures the working environment is free from discrimination and harassment and job applicants and employees, will not be treated less favourably on the grounds of marital status, colour, age, gender, race nationality, ethnic origin or disability. McDonalds believes that â€Å"training is the foundation of their success and vital for improving the business†19. Hourly paid staff receive on the job training, supplemented by computer based and other training methods, Management staff receive training at one of the company’s six British training centres. McDonalds â€Å"restaurants work to the standards which meet those required by legislation†20, they also have various policies covering food quality and nutrition, also working closely with suppliers ensuring animal welfare. The company has a number of franchises, which means that although McDonalds controls the majority of establishments, legislations, laws and policies are the responsibility of the franchise operator. G) How the HRM practices enables the business strategies to be achieved. Many policies are in place, covering a wide range of topics; enabling HRM to support the company in achieving their overall strategic plans. McDonalds operates in 121 countries, HRM must be aware of the different employment and contract laws, religion, culture, currency differences, and labour costs throughout these countries. The extension plans for India should not affect the company severely as the operation guidelines and policies already exist. Within the UK and USA the company has Universities to train their management, and other staff are trained â€Å"in-house†. When they expanded to India, lack of training facilities; meant staff were brought in from other countries to employ and train staff. This could have caused problems; outsiders may have little or no knowledge of the country, laws or societal beliefs. As the company expands into ‘new’ countries they need to consider other issues such as uniform and eating habits, certain religions do not eat certain products, other cultures impose dress code, all these issues need to be considered by the HRM to ensure the placement of correct policies. Due to falling sales there are plans to change the image and culture of the company; introducing new decor, uniforms and packaging. Unless HRM have involved the staff in the planning stage of these changes, they will encounter great difficulty in obtaining cooperation; staff need to ‘buy’ in to changes. Although, the company does have training facilities around the country educating staff on theses changes. Customers may also object to this image change. The introduction of healthy foods may cause problems, staff will need to be re-trained, which may cause staff shortages, and increase training costs. Some of the stores situated in city centres are installing facilities to allow the customer connection to the Internet. The HRM will have to implant policies to ensure correct usage of the Internet; and take steps to ensure that ‘inappropriate’ websites are unavailable. McDonalds has a high ‘turnover’ of staff, suggesting the recruitment strategy is inefficient. Incorrect job advertisement possibly leads to the submission of applications by the wrong type of person. H) How the HRM practice reflects the theories of strategic HRM. There have been many investigations into the issues surrounding HRM, leading to many theories. According to the Harvard Model, â€Å"HRM polices need to derive from critical analysis of: the demands of the various stakeholders in a business and a number of situational factors†21. The belief is that because organisations are owned and operated by various people (stakeholders), the management’s task is to balance the returns to everyone involved. The Harvard Model is seen as the ‘soft’ approach to HRM, employees being stakeholders of the company. This model has four areas to address, human resource flow, reward system, employee influences, and work systems, there are also situational factors such as influence of trade unions, laws, and labour market, which are also relevant to the theory. The theory believes that the effectiveness of the HRM is related to the four ‘C’s’, â€Å"Commitment, â€Å"Competence, Congruence and Cost-effectiveness,†22. The Harvard theory is that employees are an asset rather than a cost, and investment in these employees provides long-term benefits to the company, this theory is similar to McGregor’s, theory ‘Y’ approach. There are a number of concerns with the approach, â€Å"how to measure the variables, conflicts between cost-effectiveness and congruence, huge variety of variables potentially relevant to any given HRM situation, and sometimes a technology or set of working conditions make it impossible to increase some levels of ‘C’s'†23. The alternative approach known as the Michigan model, being the hard approach, believes that employees should be treated like any other resources, â€Å"obtained cheaply, used sparingly and developed and exploited fully†24. There are common features in both these models, both mix the HR policies and business plan, line managers are responsible for people; both are unitarist, and stress commitment to the organisation. McDonalds has a mixture of both the hard and soft approach, store managers being responsible for the day-to-day running as in the soft approach, and training provisions show that staff are an asset and investment in them should provide long-term investment for the company. The organisation also has similarities to the hard approach, with staff receiving low wages (obtained cheaply), and restaurants are often run with minimum of staff (exploiting). Guests (1987) theory, is also included in McDonalds policy, Guest believes the organisation should, â€Å"aim for high level of commitment from staff, obtain high quality output, continually improve standards, flexibility from staff, no fixed job definitions, working practices and conditions and seek strategic integration through HR policies†25. McDonalds are â€Å"Continually improving standards† and â€Å"offer flexible working times for staff†26. These prescriptive approaches also believe that line managers should accept HRM policies and integrate them into strategic plans, allowing staff to change roles within the organisation. Known as culture, organisations have different values, ideas and beliefs that affect the way they operate. According to Handy, there are four types of culture; Power, Role, Task and Person. McDonald’s culture combines two of these, top management, reflects ‘power’ culture, making the overall decisions, allowing rapid response to decisions. Although there are similarities to the ‘task’ culture, the overall aim of the organisation is task orientated, focussing on team culture, and strong communication between all levels of staff. The contingency approach suggests that â€Å"different problems and situations require different solutions†27, both internal and external influences should ‘fit’ together making a logical solution. McDonalds has integrated this approach, by considering the environment with their packaging and adjusting menus to suit different cultures. This approach also influences staff promotions that the company offers, staff are offered appraisals, a means of increasing their job opportunities. Barney (1991) suggests that there is a â€Å"resource based model†; physical, financial, human and organisational resources are the main link between internal resources and the company’s performance. Suggesting that it is not enough to have HR in line with strategy, and developing people will raise their commitment to the company, and provide an advantage over competitors. Although McDonalds do invest in people â€Å"66.26%†28 are under the age of 20, suggesting the majority of these are temporary, so will not progress through the company, leaving training costs continually rising. Gould’s ‘Model of Morale’, should be considered, suggesting that high staff turnover, sickness, absences and low performance within the company, is caused by low staff motivation, job satisfaction and group cohesion. These problem stem from inadequate internal factors such as â€Å"perception of leaders, matching needs to the job and identification with organisational goals†29, and external factors such as â€Å"status, age, pay, conditions, job market policies, training, equipment and economic state†30. Hofstede undertook worldwide research into culture and concluded that different countries mainly have four different cultures, â€Å"individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. Depending on how the country viewed these areas, Hofstede categorised the countries further, pyramid of people, well-oiled machines, village market and family. As McDonald’s operates in 121 countries; consideration for this theory may allow a better understanding of the needs and values of staff. I) Recommendations Suggested improvements: * Reducing staff turn over * Encourage long-term employment (minimising training costs – maximising staff) * Create a culture that people wish to work in * Promote training allowing staff progression to higher job opportunities * Increase wages    Bibliography Class Notes. McDonalds Fact File 2002. (Available from McDonalds) Http://www.mind-advertising.com/sectors/sector_restaurants.htm (Accessed 18/10/2003). Prynn, Jonathan. Evening Standard UK, 3 May 2003. Kleinman, Mark. 2003 ‘Mcdonald’s Media gets global review’. Marketing Magazine, 11 September, p.1. Kleinman, Mark. 2003 ‘McDonald’s gets back on track’. Marketing Magazine, 11 September, p.15. Burns, Stuart I. 9 October 2003. â€Å"The Internet @ McDonald†, [online] Available from URL Http://www.bbc.co.uk/dns/collective/A1338392 (Accessed 28/10/03). â€Å"McDonald plans Indian expansion†, [online] Available from URL Http://www.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2924185.stm (Accessed 18/10/2003). Foot, M, Hook, Caroline. 1999. Introducing Human Resource Management. 2nd Ed. Addison Wesley Longman, London Hannagan Tim, 1995, ‘Management Concepts & Practices’, Pitman Publishing, London. Graham, H T. Bennett R. 1998 ‘Human Resource Management’, 9th ED. Financial Times, Pitman Publishing, London. Cole, G A. 2002. Management Theory and Practice. 5th Ed. Continuum, London. 1 McDonalds Fact File 2002 2 McDonalds Fact File 2002 3 Wang, Y. 2003. â€Å"Human Resource Management Strategies†, â€Å"Week 3†, (Classnotes) Lampeter University. 4 Foot, M, Hook, Caroline. 1999. â€Å"Introducing Human Resource Management†. 2nd Ed. Addison Wesley Longman, London. 5 Wang, Y. 2003. â€Å"Human Resource Management Strategies†, â€Å"Week 3†, (Classnotes) Lampeter University. 6 McDonalds Fact File 2002. 7 Http://www.mind-advertising.com/sectors/sector_restaurants.htm (Accessed 18/10/2003). 8 Http://www.mind-advertising.com/sectors/sector_restaurants.htm (Accessed 18/10/2003). 9 McDonalds Fact File 2002. 10 Prynn, Jonathan. Evening Standard UK, 3 May 2003. 11 Kleinman, Mark. 2003 ‘Mcdonald’s Media gets global review’. Marketing Magazine, 11 September, p.1. 12 Kleinman, Mark. 2003 ‘McDonald’s gets back on track’. Marketing Magazine, 11 September, p.15. 13 Burns, Stuart I. 9 October 2003. â€Å"The Internet @ McDonald†, [online] Available from URL Http://www.bbc.co.uk/dns/collective/A1338392 (Accessed 28/10/03). 14 â€Å"McDonald plans Indian expansion†, [online] Available from URL Http://www.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2924185.stm (Accessed 18/10/2003). 15 Foot, M, Hook, Caroline. 1999. Introducing Human Resource Management. 2nd Ed. Addison Wesley Longman, London 16 Cole, G A. 2002. Management Theory and Practice. 5th Ed. Continuum, London. 17 McDonlads Fact File 2002 18 McDonalds Fact File 2002 19 McDonalds Fact File 2002 20 McDonalds Fact file 2002 21 Hannagan Tim, 1995, ‘Management concepts & practices’, Pitman Publishing, London. 22 Graham, H T. Bennett R. ‘Human Resource Management’ 1998, 9th ED. Financial Times. Pitman Publishing, London. 23 Hannagan Tim, 1995, ‘Management concepts & practices’, Pitman Publishing, London. 24 Graham, H T. Bennett R. ‘Human Resource Management’ 1998, 9th ED. Financial Times. Pitman Publishing, London. 25 Foot, M, Hook, Caroline. 1999. Introducing Human Resource Management. 2nd Ed. Addison Wesley Longman, London 26 McDonalds Fact File 2002 27 Hannagan Tim, 1995, ‘Management concepts & practices’, Pitman Publishing, London. 28 McDonalds Fact File 2002 29 Wang, Y. 2003. â€Å"Human Resource Management and Culture†, â€Å"Week 6†, (Classnotes) Lampeter University. 30 Wang, Y. 2003. â€Å"Human Resource Management and Culture†, â€Å"Week 6†, (Classnotes) Lampeter University.

Research Paper on Diabetes

Research Paper on Diabetes Research paper on diabetes states that this is a dangerous disease that causes health complications and even death to a lot of people every year. I have read in different Research paper on diabetes that when our body produces the abnormal quantity of glucose we have diabetic. Insulin is required when there is high level glucose in our body. In another Research paper on diabetes I read that insulin brings the glucose level back to the normal. A good number of Research papers on diabetes show that the factors that cause the diabetes type one is genetic and other is our daily life. If some one in our family has the diabetes there is a probability that we may suffer from disease also. All Research papers on diabetes agree that another factors in our daily life causing this deadly disease are substandard food, overweight, not doing proper physical efforts, or lack of exercise, some tension, depression etc. Another Research paper on diabetes states there is no age limit for the happening of diabetes and it can strike a person’s health at any time and phase of his /her life. Normally people of forty years and above age are more likely to suffer from diabetes. Though a child of one day also may suffer diabetese or a woman who is pregnant may also have diabetes. Diabetes in pregnancy is called gestational diabetes. Research paper on diabetes tells us about the prevention of diabetes. Research says people can protect themselves from diabetes by having proper diet and good exercise. If you are diabetic, then you need to control your food, eating   habits and have to do exercise on regular basis. Research papers on diabetes show that science is still struggling to find a cure for diabetes. We hope to have cure for diabetes in near future based on the work of researchers and scientists. An effective Research paper on diabetes helps understanding all facts about diabetes.   If you are thinking of writing Research paper on diabetes, we   provide online help in Research paper on diabetes . We can help you in writing all custom Research papers on diabetes, original Research paper on diabetes, example Research paper on diabetes. All our Research papers on diabetes are written in the MLA, APA, Turabian, Chicago or Harvard. If you are seeking help write a research paper on diabetes of course we can tell you and support on writing a research paper on diabetes. First of all you need to define the diabetes when writing a Research paper on diabetes. In Research paper on diabetes this is the section you need to define disease in its full perspective. You should provide a brief introduction for this disease in the introductory part of Research paper on diabetes. Then you should write about the causes of diabetes in the Research paper on diabetes. Then elaborate the person who is the victim and what changes it brought in that person’s life. Next in Research paper on diabetes you should write its types, and then define its impact on one’s life according to the types. Do a research paper on diabetes and provide some statistical data. In any Research paper on diabetes it is necessary to give the brief idea whether they vary from age, sex or by some other factor. Then you must mention in Research pap er on diabetes that what to do to avoid diabetic. The precaution you must take in order to control your glucose level. This is the basic part of Research paper on diabetes. If you are seeking help in writing a research paper on diabetes, we offer our services in writing custom research papers on diabetes. Our all custom research papers on diabetes are very well written. If you need help to write a diabetes research paper or custom research papers on diabetes we will help you. We provide diabetes research papers in MLA, APA, Turabian, Chicago or Harvard. We write original research papers on diabetes for High School, College or University levels. Buy a research paper on diabetes, or take our help to write a research paper on diabetes.

Beck Anxiety Inventory

Beck Anxiety Inventory Below is a list of common symptoms of anxiety. Please carefully read each item in the list. Indicate how much you have been bothered by that symptom during the past month, including today, by circling the number in the corresponding space in the column next to each symptom. Not At All Mildly but it didn’t bother me much. Moderately – it wasn’t pleasant at times Severely – it bothered me a lot Numbness or tingling 0 1 2 3 Feeling hot 0 1 2 3 Wobbliness in legs 0 1 2 3 Unable to relax 0 1 2 3 Fear of worst happening 0 1 2 3 Dizzy or lightheaded 0 1 2 3 Heart pounding/racing 0 1 2 3 Unsteady 0 1 2 3 Terrified or afraid 0 1 2 3 Nervous 0 1 2 3 Feeling of choking 0 1 2 3 Hands trembling 0 1 2 3 Shaky / unsteady 0 1 2 3 Fear of losing control 0 1 2 3 Difficulty in breathing 0 1 2 3 Fear of dying 0 1 2 3 Scared 0 1 2 3 Indigestion 0 1 2 3 Faint / lightheaded 0 1 2 3 Face flushed 0 1 2 3 Hot/cold sweats 0 1 2 3 Column Sum Scoring – Sum each column. Then su m the column totals to achieve a grand score. Write that score here ____________ . Interpretation A grand sum between 0 – 21 indicates very low anxiety. That is usually a good thing. However, it is possible that you might be unrealistic in either your assessment which would be denial or that you have learned to â€Å"mask† the symptoms commonly associated with anxiety. Too little â€Å"anxiety† could indicate that you are detached from yourself, others, or your environment. A grand sum between 22 – 35 indicates moderate anxiety. Your body is trying to tell you something. Look for patterns as to when and why you experience the symptoms described above. For example, if it occurs prior to public speaking and your job requires a lot of presentations you may want to find ways to calm yourself before speaking or let others do some of the presentations. You may have some conflict issues that need to be resolved. Clearly, it is not â€Å"panic† time but yo u want to find ways to manage the stress you feel. A grand sum that exceeds 36 is a potential cause for concern. Again, look for patterns or times when you tend to feel the symptoms you have circled. Persistent and high anxiety is not a sign of personal weakness or failure. It is, however, something that needs to be proactively treated or there could be significant impacts to you mentally and physically. You may want to consult a physician or counselor if the feelings persist. Beck Anxiety Inventory Scoring August 4, 2009 | Posted by SWilson After rating each of the twenty-one anxiety symptoms on the Beck Anxiety Inventory from 0 to 3, the ratings are totaled for the individual’s Beck Anxiety Inventory score. If you’d like to see how you would score, you may rate the twenty-one anxiety symptoms in the Beck Anxiety Inventory sample. The Beck Anxiety Inventory sample is in the post titled â€Å"The Beck Anxiety Inventory.† The Beck Anxiety Inventory scoring is sim ple. The person’s total score will fall within one of the ranges for the Beck Anxiety Inventory scoring. If the person’s score is under twenty-one, the person is considered to have a very low amount of anxiety. A score between twenty-two and thirty five demonstrates moderate anxiety. A person with moderate anxiety can often benefit from stress management to relieve anxiety.

Jehovah Witnesses Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jehovah Witnesses Religion - Research Paper Example The first misconception that I had about Jehovah’s Witness congregation members is that they were forced to knock on people’s doors and witness to them all of the time. This always gave me the impression that they were very aggressive individuals. I do not mind meeting with people in my home to talk about my religious beliefs. Evangelical groups and Mormon missionaries have often visited me. I don’t know if it is simply a matter of style or what, but the Jehovah’s Witness members that I would meet with always seemed tense and ready to argue. I was told that this is the case because they are required to spend a set quota of time each week knocking on people’s doors, distributing the Watchtower magazine and trying to convert people into Jehovah’s Witnesses. My research into this religion showed me that Jehovah’s Witnesses are not required to knock on doors. They do it out of a motivation to spread the Gospel of Jesus, as they understand it. There are no quotas as to the amount of time a person needs to spend in this type of activity but the Jehovah’s Witnesses do make it clear that witnessing as an expected part of the religion, be it door-to-door or otherwise. I understand more fully now the doctrine and motivation that inspire Jehovah’s Witnesses to do what they do. The second coming of Jesus is central to their theology. They really believe that they need to get the word our now before it is too late. What I also learned from my research is the fact that when a special conference is planned, Jehovah’s Witnesses from surrounding areas will concentrate their efforts in order to try to convince people in the community to attend the conference (Byrd, 2011). My prior understanding of this religion was altered through this experience in several ways. First of all, I have a greater respect for the adherents of this religion. Through a greater understanding of their doctrine and after having met with several of them, I can see that my biggest misunderstanding was their motivation for door-to-door meetings. My early assumption was that no one would ever choose to do something like that unless they were compelled to do it. I believe d in all of the rumors I had heard concerning quotas and that they would lose their chosen spot in heaven if they did not go out to try and sell the Watchtower magazine. My research helped me to see past these misconceptions and to view members of the Jehovah’s Witness church in a new light. Instead of seeing aggressive people that were knocking on my door because church leaders compelled them, I now see dedicated individuals committed to living their religion as best they can. This change has been brought about by thorough independent research and meeting with Jehovah’s Witnesses so I could get to know them. What has not changed as a result of my research, however, is the difficulty I have concerning several specific points of doctrine. The preoccupation with the return of Jesus is something that I understood the Jehovah’s Witnesses had going into the research. Their peculiar beliefs concerning the 144,000 chosen to live with God and the evolution of the Earth into a place like the Garden of Eden do not endear me to their religion. Nor does the fact that predictions have been made in year’s past about the coming of Jesus that have been proven false or have been rationalized by saying that the return was â€Å"secret† in some way (What†¦, 2008). The best way to sum up how this experience has altered my prior understanding of the Jehovah’s Witnesses would be to say that I have a greater respect for them as people and adherents of a faith, but even more questions and reservations

Pharmacokinetics of Sotalol and Propranolol Assignment

Pharmacokinetics of Sotalol and Propranolol - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Sotalol is an important anti-arrhythmic, class II/III drug. It is an oral drug with equal amounts of two enantiomers: D- and L--sotalol. Both enantiomers have the potency to act as non-selective blockers. The L – enantiomer gives greater benefits by acting as beta- blockade for a long-term period. L- Sotalol has 38% protein binding capacity and D-sotalol has 35% protein binding capacity. D-sotalol has no beta-blocking activity. The action potential of sotalol is due to the L-isomer and it also acts as alpha- blocker, while D-sotalol acts as anti-arrhythmic. D-sotalol has 30 to 60 times lower affinity than L-sotalol. On the other hand, in the case of Propranolol, there are two isomers: D and L – propranolol. D-propranolol binds to the proteins more extensively than L- propranolol. The L–isomer of propranolol is the biologically active form of the drug. It is nearly absorbed orally and metabolized in the liver on its f irst passage. D-propranolol is inactive in beta-adrenoreceptor blocking activity. So, it was observed that isomerism leads to many therapeutic and adverse drug reactions. D and L–propranolol have membrane stabilizing the property and this racemic mixture reduces the heart rate and the force of contraction in treated animals. The pharmacokinetic parameters of sotalol were studied in dogs and rats. Dogs had a higher volume of distribution and the elimination of the drug was through renal excretion. In rats, the high concentration of sotalol was observed in various tissues. The half-life of the drug was longer than other beta-adrenergic blockers in dogs. The beta blockade was observed without any change in the blood pressure in dogs.

Effects the Media has on Child development Research Paper

Effects the Media has on Child development - Research Paper Example From the first appearance of television sets in living rooms in the 20th Century, there has been a concern on their impact on the viewers, particularly the children. Recent years has seen this concern extended to electronic media including computers. The fact that children spend seven hours per day on average in media such as televisions, computers and other electronic devices, as noted by the American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP indicates the important role that the media plays in shaping development in children. Kirkorian et al. (39) observe content as the most crucial determining factor in evaluating how media affects development in children. Therefore, depending on the content in the media under focus, the effect on child development could either be positive or negative. Media play an important role in language acquisition. As observed by Kirkorian (40), children who watched Sesame Street, a preschooler educational program, learnt vocabulary, identification of numbers and letters and concepts including shapes and colors. Television viewing has in particular been noted to impart language learning especially if the programs include on-screen characters talking to children. Children to whom English is not their first language could take advantage of this opportunity to learn the language as they watch English programs. Media has been credited with designing programs that aim at communicating social or academic skills which help children in learning the intended lessons. Programs dealing with diverse literacy in children including science, mathematics and social skills promote learning in children. Kirkorian et al. (46) observe that Blue Clues, a television program focused on cognitive and social problem-solving skills among preschoolers, caused children to be more systematic and successful in problem solutions. The Canadian Pediatric Society (303) also sites Sesame Street as an example of a television program that teaches children important social aspects such as cooperation, kindness, racial harmony and the alphabet. Such programs stimulate children to visit libraries, museums and bookstores among other active recreational places that impart positive learning. This could also be said of Internet websites that have curricula to prepare preschoolers for schooling. In fact, various software programs have been produced to this effect and the impact has been positive. Therefore, educational media improve on educational achievement of children. Critics argue against media as negatively impacting on the development of cognitive skills in children. This argument mainly revolves around attention development. According to Sigman (102), the frequent switch in content and scenes disrupt the ability of children to sustain attention. Additionally, early exposure to non-educational entertainment and violent media programs has been positively associated with attention problems. Kirkorian et al. (45) give an example of a study that compared the effect of a pro-social program, Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood and violent cartoon, Batman. The findings support the correlation between the content of media programs and attention skills in the children being studied. The children exposed to violent cartoons showed decreased self-regulation whereas those exposed to the pro-social program exhibited tolerance of delay, rule obedience and task persistence. It would be important to appreciate that the two programs not only

Relationship between Organizational Structure and Culture

Relationship between Organizational Structure and Culture Since the organizational structure determines how the roles and responsibilities are allocated and how they will be monitored as well as the flow of communication between different levels and sectors, it is entirely dependent on the organizations goals and how it wants to reach them. In centralized structures all the decision making power is retained at the top level of management and all the other departments are closely monitored and controlled, While in the decentralized structure decision making power is delegated to the lower levels as well to an extent to increase the speed of implementation as well as increase job satisfaction among other things. Organizational structure can be categorized into two different dimensions, vertical and horizontal. The vertical organizational structures have many different levels of authority with individuals in management or supervisory positions having a small or narrow span of control (span of control being the number of subordinates working under an individual) compared to the horizontal structure. A narrow span of control is easier to handle and communicate with. It also requires less management skill then to control a larger number of people like in a wide span of control. Horizontal organizations structures tend to have a wider span of control i.e. many subordinates under one manager or supervisor. Horizontal structures tend to have better communications and are generally cost effective for an organization due to not needing many managers. Types of Organizational Structure Companies tend to organize themselves in different ways according to their needs. Appropriate organizational structure depends upon the unique strategy of the business, its unique customer base, its unique sense of products and services and its management of these considerations as they are dispersed throughout the enterprise (Fontaine, 2007). Some of the major structures are as follows, Functional Structures These are most probably the most common type of organizational structure implemented by companies worldwide. Its popularity is due to it being simple yet effective. In this structure an organizations divides its self into different department (for example, Research and Development, Customer Sales, Human Resource Management, et cetera). People with similar skills are grouped together in their respective departments. Divisional Structures Divisional structures differ from functional structures because it does not belive in grouping people with similar skills into different departments, rather it distributes them across the organization to where ever they might be needed. For example in the divisional structure if a retail outlet has branches in different cities then every city will have a separate customer sales department rather than have a single department for the whole company. Matrix Structures This is somewhat of an amalgam of both Functional and Divisional Structures. It is made up of teams of personnel from different sectors of the organization brought together for a specific project. These teams are usually not permanent but are project specific. This is a highly effective type of structure in most cases. They are usually led by Project Managers who report directly to the head of the organization. An important point to be noted here is that some companies, especially very large companies usually employ different types of structures in different departments rather than a single structure throughout. Organizational Culture Organizational Culture can be defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with  stakeholders  outside the organization.(Hill and Jones, 2001) Culture of an organization is not always easy to explain but it can felt or sensed much more distinctly. Simply put, it is the personality of the company. Hierarchy This type of culture is well defined and stable. It is quite a formal culture which emphasizes on control and authority to keep the organization running smoothly. This type of culture offers security and stability. Market This type of culture is similar to Hierarchy Culture in the sense that it also focuses somewhat on security and stability but it is driven results. It is a very competitive environment to work in and there is very high focus on production. Clan The focus of this type of organizational culture is the employees of the organization. It is a very friendly environment to work in. Loyalty is emphasized and employees are asked to express themselves more openly. There is also a lot of importance given to teamwork. Adhocracy This type of culture emphasizes thinking outside the box. Employees are given a bit of latitude to experiment and to think differently. Creativity is encouraged and appreciated. The atmosphere is dynamic and roles are not always defined. It is quite different from the rest of the organizational cultures. Like organizational structures, it is not necessary that one type of culture will be prevalent throughout an organization. Some companies tend to implement different cultures in different sectors. Pure Control (Hierarchy), Compete (Market), Collaborate (Clan) or Create (Adhocracy) are extremely rare. (Tharp, 2009) Relationship Between Organizational Structure And Culture And Its Effect On The Business To reach their goals effectively organizations always need to have a formal structure. This is important to distribute tasks into different groups to ensure that no two people are working on the same project or task so that we get the most output for our input. Because organizations cannot be run without people, this tends to create different informal structures or environments in the organization which leads to different attitudes, perceptions, behaviors and traits with lots different types of aptitudes. So when employees are supposed to work together on a task in the constraints of a formal structure to reach a certain objective there are certain ways to speak and interact, which in effect forms an organizational culture, where it may be created knowingly or unknowingly by the employees. Organizational culture in some way defines the organizational structure of an organization but the structure also partially defines the culture of an organization. It can also be said that the structure is a framework for the culture to be implemented, while the culture dictates how the company should be structured. So, no matter how big a company, if its culture starts to disintegrate, it is only a matter of time till the structure also follows. Business performance in a Functional Organization structure can be severely affected by the time it takes for the flow of communication through the different levels of the hierarchy making the organization very slow to adhere to the new technology, the political situations, the economy, cultural changes or social factors and legal issues. It generally has a narrow span of control which may cause restrictrictions in individual expression and power which causes job dissatisfaction and de-motivation. The level of motivation employees possess will affect their output affecting business performance. Employees might not understand the bigger scenario and the significance of their individual work. Employees may have a bad perception towards work or because everything is so clearly defined and communication is limited, this could result in an indiffrent nature and attitude even greater affecting employee relations, affecting motivation, resulting in low business performance. On the other hand a Divisional Organizational structure has greater flexibility because of low levels of management. This fast attribute to change makes it competitive, able to adjust to customers wants and needs very fast, giving it better performance. Better communication encourages individual through initiative and power to make decisions giving the feeling of self-freedom, causing highly motivated employees, which affects business in a very good way. This is also dependent upon the individual personalities and networking within the organization. If people donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t work with each other or have a tendency to percept what others say or do differently it could affect employee relations and output affecting business performance. This is why employees need to be selected who will fit the organizational culture so that there will be excellent work relationships. Matrix being the newer organizational structure, it is a bit different from the old thinking of the typical boss; it also redefines the idea of hierarchy or individuals use of organizational power to make decisions but that of expertise power of employees. The task culture is reflected in the matrix organization and there is at times no clear leader within each team. These shifts give rise to employeesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ high job satisfaction because of individual participation and the group identity thus affecting business performance, simply because motivated employees work better.

Are tall buildings necessary for London to remain a competitive world c

Are tall buildings necessary for London to remain a competitive world city? On February 10, 2004 mayor of London Ken Livingstone introduced the London Plan, the first proactive strategy in over thirty years to deal specifically with the planning and development of London. Since an increase in London's population by 800,000 is expected by the year 2020 , the mayor has suggested the construction of high-rise buildings as the method most likely to enable London to grow in a controlled and steady manner and maintain its status as a world city. A key part of the plan, the mayor's proposal for high-density towers throughout the city, has heightened the debate between urban planners and heritage groups as to whether the construction of tall office and housing complexes is necessary and/or appropriate for London. Based on recent documents, articles and essays and London's need to remain competitive with New York and Tokyo as a world class city, the construction of tall buildings in London is a necessity, especially due to certain factors such as the need to preserve historic views, the lack of available space and London's poor transport system. The ongoing debate over whether tall buildings would best serve London and sustain and enhance its status as a world-class city has dominated the political and metropolitan structural-design arenas during the last ten years. On one side are heritage groups and conservationists claiming that an increase in the number of tall buildings would block strategic views of London's historically significant landmarks. For example, the organization English Heritage has stated that the tall buildings are a cultural issue and their role is first and foremost of image and aesthetics rather than economic,... ...22, 16 February 2004 Government of London, 'London's skyline, views and high buildings,' Planners and Development Economists http://www.london.gov.uk 16 February 2004 Government of London, 'The London Plan.' Ken Livingstone. http://www.london.gov.uk 17 February 2004 Hamnett, 'The transformation of London's occupational structure and the rise of the new middle class,' Unequal City. (Routledge) pp. 70 Livingstone, Ken. 'The only way is up,' The Independent. 2 November 2002. London School of Economics, 'London should grow up says new report on tall buildings' http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice/newsAndEvents/ archives/2000-2002/Tall_Buildings.htm 13 February 2004 Newman, P, Thornley, A. 'Fragmentation and centralization: Influencing the urban policy agenda in London' Urban Studies 34. The Editors of Urban Studies: 2997. pp 981

Principles of assessment in lifelong learning Essay

1.1Explain the types of assessment used in lifelong learning. (150 words approx.) Initial/diagnostic assessment can be taken before learner’s enrollment for a course. This is a way of finding out whether the prospective course is suitable for a student and meets the learner’s needs or not. Formative assessment can be taken during the programme or a course. Teachers use assessments in their teaching sessions to make judgement about their learners. Summative assessment is used to outline or work out the level of achievement. Summative assessment is used for a final judgement about the learning achievements. Formal assessment is used where there is a need to assess learners under controlled conditions. Informal assessment is used as an ongoing check on understanding without control conditions. This is an aid for a teacher to monitor progress. Independent assessment applies to courses where the learners are assessed by someone other than their teacher. Peer assessment is us ed where other learners are at the same level of skill and knowledge and can play a vital role in judging a learner’s achievement level. 1.2 Explain the use of methods of assessment in lifelong learning. (150 words approx.) Different methods can be used for assessment in the lifelong learning. Short answers: is a good way of keeping student activities in their learnings. Multiple –choice: is a task in which learner has to select the correct answer from a number of alternative options. Observation: Observation is used i this programme for assessment of micro-teach/ teaching practice delivery. It can be used in any situation where practical skills are being assessed. Project work: involves a piece of written work in which learners take responsibility. Essays: This is a substantial piece of written work as well. It asks learners to show understanding of the subject. Exams: can be taken either by written tests or completion of a practical task under controlled conditions. Oral and aural: These assessment test speaking and listening skills. In this assessment, learners are required to listen to something and respond . Electronic assessment: refers to the use of information technology for any assessment-related activity.

Technology: Sociology and James Stacey Taylor

Kenneth Hunter Dr. Carpenter PL401 13 November 2012 James Stacey Taylor â€Å"In Praise of Big Brother† This essay will argue the point on why we should learn to stop worrying and love (some) government surveillance. James Stacey Taylor’s idea about government surveillance monitoring each state will blow you away or open your eyes. I will draw attention to some good points, bad points, and my beliefs and why I think this way about his view. By the end of this essay I hope to have answered your entire question on this topic of interest. Which is government surveillance could be a positive or negative problem for people?The first inquiry to be address is how Dyson explained his pessimistic doubts that technological innovations frequently serve to increase social oppression and inequality. I will answer this in a two part answers, in which I will tell you how Dyson look at technology was used and who benefited from the changes. Dyson started addressing his pessimistic doub ts with examples from history and his own life. He talked about how technology started out in the fourteenth century with printing becoming the first technology transformation in Europe.With this new invention, people all through Europe had the able to have books to read and educate themselves as well as their fellow countrymen by educating themselves. The technology of printing gave power to the reproduction of the Bible which led directly to the Protestant Reformation in Northern Europe. By using the technology the Protestant ethic carried it with perpetual striving for social justice a vision that was seldom achieved. The next things Dyson begin pointing out was the sensibleness of technology which led the way for social justice during the next two centuries.Dyson talked about how public services such as clean water, sewage treatment, antibiotics and vaccines helped with bring the gap between rich and poor closer. The reason for this as he pointed out was these technologies were effective in protecting the rich from contagion and sickness if also available to poor. So, with being said in some countries where public health technologies are in enforced by law there is no large gaps. He also talked about how technologies starting making synthetic materials to bridge the gaps by introduced fake furs, brilliant colors and silk.By doing this everyone was able to afford clothes of fashion and no was able to tell a person social class by the clothes they wore. So where does the social oppression exactly begin for people? Will I believe it start with new technology and gadgets introduce to social as new a improve way to something done. What I mean by this statement for example the IPhone or any smartphone. While everyone has a cellphone to communicate with friend and family a simple function so we think. Then technology comes along a change the game with apps, internet, and built-in cameras all in a phone that cost about $600 in the beginning.Only people that could afford this new slack technology were the people with money and then newer one hit the social world pushing the older version to be affordable for everyone. So, point is like a new toy we get at Christmas time that you didn’t want your friends to touch because we have to keep it for self. Until we are bored and no longer wanting to play with it and the newest has wears off, we are more apt to allow others to enjoy it, as long as there is something better or newer to replace the old one. So, gaps are made with each turn of new technology pushing the way.In conclusion, Dyson hope technology is used to equally by everyone rich and poor. I believe he pointed out everything that would equally shared by all people no matter their social status. Technology and Social Justice will always have some type of gaps between people because money is driving force behind new technology. Dyson never pointed this out but know these gaps were between rich and poor. At the end of his essay said t here was no harm to hope. I can see your point on this because Kurzweil took you on ride on many things.From a computer storage stand point look at what we start with 250mb and now we are at 3Tb for storing information. We are growing at a rate that could way out of control or in our control that is the question? We have to understand what direction these things are taking us because it will be a limit to our growth. Kurzweil know that with growth in time bad things would follow and would have to be ready to protect our self. While reading the case against perfection by Michael Sandel he pointed out a lot of thing we do as humans to modify ourselves by technology. Things like muscles in nhancement to improve our muscle loss from old age but when technology is used for performance enhancement, running, weight lifting, and home slugger are just to name a few. The able to change person genes before even being born is wrong on so many levels. The ethics surrounding this theory wouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t allow humans to humans anymore. Everyone is born different for a reason and everyone is given their on gift at birth. By using this type of technology to change who we are would cause more chaos then good. Like Sandel pointed with the cloned sheep Dolly which died prematurely with abnormalities was unsafe.The sad truth behind all this type of technology is no matter how we try to change or improve it the cycle death in the end. Sandel point I believe is we have a right to choose our own path in life and should only everything to change our unique able to be different. In â€Å"Preventing a Brave New World† (pp. 317-329), Leon Kass concludes that reproductive and therapeutic cloning of human embryos is unethical. What are the exact steps in Kass's argument for this conclusion? What is your assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this argument?

Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essays

Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essays Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essay Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essay Term Paper : Centralization Vs. Decentralization in warehouse and returns management By Kyongnim Chea August 02, 2011 1. Introduction In this paper, centralization and decentralization in warehouse and returns management is investigated. An important characteristic of the centralized return centers is adapted to methodology via web-based access and electronic data interchange (EDI) for returns management to solve the problems. The interdependences between warehousing and returns department is considered for core components in a flexible and systematic manner. This paper is going to question on a key issue relative to managing warehouses and inventories at the companies. Do the company let warehousing and returns department manage their own warehouses or inventories or transfer credits to customers’ accounts, or do it create restocking the returned parts or products centrally for warehouse with only a minimum of input from the separate distribution centers? Prior to answer those question, several other issues will be discussed such as what is the optimal degree of centralization within a firm or what is the optimal degree of decentralization within a firm? To what extent should lower-level managers be given the authority to make a decision independently of higher-level management? In the case of returns and credits department, those questions take the form of how much discretion corporate headquarters should give to the managers. Should a tightly controlled set of operating procedures be mandated, or should warehouse and returns department managers be given considerable discretion with respect to operating their warehouses and returns department? How do they influence the relative performance of different organizational structures? The objective of this paper is to provide some insight into those questions. This paper exams which organizational structure and management system can be formed in running warehouses and returns department even though little is known and found about how exactly organizational structure influences the performance of warehouses and returns department in the companies and which one fits most. The rate of improvement might be achieved through innovation and new organizational strategies. However, innovation and new organization strategies have a potential risk against the existed managers who refuse to accept changes. For example, in the case of Crown Point Cabinetry, some managers left the company when new management system, team-based management, was adopted (Anthony Govindarajan, 2006, p. 556). To reduce such negative effect when generating innovation and new organizational structure, each of departments related to this business process management should be communicated and share information. Warehouse control system and centralized returns system provide significant benefits to companies from various sources such as simplified procedures, reduced costs, and improved management information, etc. 2. Decentralization Versus Centralization in Warehouse Returns Department Advantages Disadvantages of decentralized management of Warehouse Returns Department : Under decentralized management, advantages and disadvantages are as follows ; Advantages :  ¦ Numerous individuals throughout the organization have an input on personal decisions. Accurate information to analyze appropriately  ¦ Team-based performance and cross-functional teams  ¦ No exact instructions needed  ¦ Dispersing decision-making governance to the people  ¦ It relies on lateral relationship and less on command and force.  ¦ Interfaces between parts of a system  ¦ Employees feel more comfortable that they are in control of their own decision making. Disadvantages :  ¦ Confusion, especially if one of team member is absent.  ¦ â€Å"Fragmented† : It is not easy to consolidate each of division.  ¦ Lack of uniformity or consistency Unclear evaluation system when taking responsibility. Advantages Disadvantages of centralized management of Warehouse Returns Department : Beneficially, centralized management of warehouse consolidates and provides a single interface point between each department. Centralized management is applicable to a long-term plan and it is easy to control when people in organizations have the same objectives. Other advantages are as follows ;  ¦ The ideas that come from the people who are professionals and have unique strategies.  ¦ Responsibility is easily placed.  ¦ All related data kept together Uniform service provided to all users. Disadvantages ;  ¦ It may require investment in efficient equipments or automation and high technologies.  ¦ Information given is unrealistic for adequate services.  ¦ It takes times to be responsive ag ainst incidents. 5. Recommendations Any size of any company cannot be fully centralized or decentralized. I personally favor decentralization. However, the recognition of local control and personal engagement of decentralization must be blended with centralized services that are often more efficient, cost effective, and liberating. As seen the case above, high technology system allows companies to centralize information and data to perform an adequate activities regarding a quality of services while decentralization strengthens the ideas of performances and operations maximizing individuals’ ability. Warehouse where both centralization and decentralization is adapted has been successful resulting in accuracy, a high quality of performance, and real-time base information available. Applying communication management to returns department and building trust in a relationship is essentially needed in order to change the unreasonable and ineffective policies. Under decentralized system that is becoming more popular, based on â€Å"Great power comes great responsibility†, organizations are allowed to take advantage of division of labor by sharing decision-making across the organization while the managers and employees improve their performance by being able to act immediately having discretion on problems. However, the limited authority given to the manager levels loosens the responsibility of their performance that takes place, which reduces the pressures on the results of performance. Conclusively, both centralization and decentralization are necessary for organization, but more favorable in decentralization. I personally feel that efficiency, effectiveness, and profitability should come with caring for the individuals who will accomplish goals and objectives on behalf of organization and communities. Sources Brennen, A. M. (2002). Centralization versus decentralization. From soencouragement. org/centralizationvsdecentralization. htm (Anthony Govindarajan, 2006, p. 556