Pharmacokinetics of Sotalol and Propranolol Assignment

Pharmacokinetics of Sotalol and Propranolol - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Sotalol is an important anti-arrhythmic, class II/III drug. It is an oral drug with equal amounts of two enantiomers: D- and L--sotalol. Both enantiomers have the potency to act as non-selective blockers. The L – enantiomer gives greater benefits by acting as beta- blockade for a long-term period. L- Sotalol has 38% protein binding capacity and D-sotalol has 35% protein binding capacity. D-sotalol has no beta-blocking activity. The action potential of sotalol is due to the L-isomer and it also acts as alpha- blocker, while D-sotalol acts as anti-arrhythmic. D-sotalol has 30 to 60 times lower affinity than L-sotalol. On the other hand, in the case of Propranolol, there are two isomers: D and L – propranolol. D-propranolol binds to the proteins more extensively than L- propranolol. The L–isomer of propranolol is the biologically active form of the drug. It is nearly absorbed orally and metabolized in the liver on its f irst passage. D-propranolol is inactive in beta-adrenoreceptor blocking activity. So, it was observed that isomerism leads to many therapeutic and adverse drug reactions. D and L–propranolol have membrane stabilizing the property and this racemic mixture reduces the heart rate and the force of contraction in treated animals. The pharmacokinetic parameters of sotalol were studied in dogs and rats. Dogs had a higher volume of distribution and the elimination of the drug was through renal excretion. In rats, the high concentration of sotalol was observed in various tissues. The half-life of the drug was longer than other beta-adrenergic blockers in dogs. The beta blockade was observed without any change in the blood pressure in dogs.

Effects the Media has on Child development Research Paper

Effects the Media has on Child development - Research Paper Example From the first appearance of television sets in living rooms in the 20th Century, there has been a concern on their impact on the viewers, particularly the children. Recent years has seen this concern extended to electronic media including computers. The fact that children spend seven hours per day on average in media such as televisions, computers and other electronic devices, as noted by the American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP indicates the important role that the media plays in shaping development in children. Kirkorian et al. (39) observe content as the most crucial determining factor in evaluating how media affects development in children. Therefore, depending on the content in the media under focus, the effect on child development could either be positive or negative. Media play an important role in language acquisition. As observed by Kirkorian (40), children who watched Sesame Street, a preschooler educational program, learnt vocabulary, identification of numbers and letters and concepts including shapes and colors. Television viewing has in particular been noted to impart language learning especially if the programs include on-screen characters talking to children. Children to whom English is not their first language could take advantage of this opportunity to learn the language as they watch English programs. Media has been credited with designing programs that aim at communicating social or academic skills which help children in learning the intended lessons. Programs dealing with diverse literacy in children including science, mathematics and social skills promote learning in children. Kirkorian et al. (46) observe that Blue Clues, a television program focused on cognitive and social problem-solving skills among preschoolers, caused children to be more systematic and successful in problem solutions. The Canadian Pediatric Society (303) also sites Sesame Street as an example of a television program that teaches children important social aspects such as cooperation, kindness, racial harmony and the alphabet. Such programs stimulate children to visit libraries, museums and bookstores among other active recreational places that impart positive learning. This could also be said of Internet websites that have curricula to prepare preschoolers for schooling. In fact, various software programs have been produced to this effect and the impact has been positive. Therefore, educational media improve on educational achievement of children. Critics argue against media as negatively impacting on the development of cognitive skills in children. This argument mainly revolves around attention development. According to Sigman (102), the frequent switch in content and scenes disrupt the ability of children to sustain attention. Additionally, early exposure to non-educational entertainment and violent media programs has been positively associated with attention problems. Kirkorian et al. (45) give an example of a study that compared the effect of a pro-social program, Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood and violent cartoon, Batman. The findings support the correlation between the content of media programs and attention skills in the children being studied. The children exposed to violent cartoons showed decreased self-regulation whereas those exposed to the pro-social program exhibited tolerance of delay, rule obedience and task persistence. It would be important to appreciate that the two programs not only

Relationship between Organizational Structure and Culture

Relationship between Organizational Structure and Culture Since the organizational structure determines how the roles and responsibilities are allocated and how they will be monitored as well as the flow of communication between different levels and sectors, it is entirely dependent on the organizations goals and how it wants to reach them. In centralized structures all the decision making power is retained at the top level of management and all the other departments are closely monitored and controlled, While in the decentralized structure decision making power is delegated to the lower levels as well to an extent to increase the speed of implementation as well as increase job satisfaction among other things. Organizational structure can be categorized into two different dimensions, vertical and horizontal. The vertical organizational structures have many different levels of authority with individuals in management or supervisory positions having a small or narrow span of control (span of control being the number of subordinates working under an individual) compared to the horizontal structure. A narrow span of control is easier to handle and communicate with. It also requires less management skill then to control a larger number of people like in a wide span of control. Horizontal organizations structures tend to have a wider span of control i.e. many subordinates under one manager or supervisor. Horizontal structures tend to have better communications and are generally cost effective for an organization due to not needing many managers. Types of Organizational Structure Companies tend to organize themselves in different ways according to their needs. Appropriate organizational structure depends upon the unique strategy of the business, its unique customer base, its unique sense of products and services and its management of these considerations as they are dispersed throughout the enterprise (Fontaine, 2007). Some of the major structures are as follows, Functional Structures These are most probably the most common type of organizational structure implemented by companies worldwide. Its popularity is due to it being simple yet effective. In this structure an organizations divides its self into different department (for example, Research and Development, Customer Sales, Human Resource Management, et cetera). People with similar skills are grouped together in their respective departments. Divisional Structures Divisional structures differ from functional structures because it does not belive in grouping people with similar skills into different departments, rather it distributes them across the organization to where ever they might be needed. For example in the divisional structure if a retail outlet has branches in different cities then every city will have a separate customer sales department rather than have a single department for the whole company. Matrix Structures This is somewhat of an amalgam of both Functional and Divisional Structures. It is made up of teams of personnel from different sectors of the organization brought together for a specific project. These teams are usually not permanent but are project specific. This is a highly effective type of structure in most cases. They are usually led by Project Managers who report directly to the head of the organization. An important point to be noted here is that some companies, especially very large companies usually employ different types of structures in different departments rather than a single structure throughout. Organizational Culture Organizational Culture can be defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with  stakeholders  outside the organization.(Hill and Jones, 2001) Culture of an organization is not always easy to explain but it can felt or sensed much more distinctly. Simply put, it is the personality of the company. Hierarchy This type of culture is well defined and stable. It is quite a formal culture which emphasizes on control and authority to keep the organization running smoothly. This type of culture offers security and stability. Market This type of culture is similar to Hierarchy Culture in the sense that it also focuses somewhat on security and stability but it is driven results. It is a very competitive environment to work in and there is very high focus on production. Clan The focus of this type of organizational culture is the employees of the organization. It is a very friendly environment to work in. Loyalty is emphasized and employees are asked to express themselves more openly. There is also a lot of importance given to teamwork. Adhocracy This type of culture emphasizes thinking outside the box. Employees are given a bit of latitude to experiment and to think differently. Creativity is encouraged and appreciated. The atmosphere is dynamic and roles are not always defined. It is quite different from the rest of the organizational cultures. Like organizational structures, it is not necessary that one type of culture will be prevalent throughout an organization. Some companies tend to implement different cultures in different sectors. Pure Control (Hierarchy), Compete (Market), Collaborate (Clan) or Create (Adhocracy) are extremely rare. (Tharp, 2009) Relationship Between Organizational Structure And Culture And Its Effect On The Business To reach their goals effectively organizations always need to have a formal structure. This is important to distribute tasks into different groups to ensure that no two people are working on the same project or task so that we get the most output for our input. Because organizations cannot be run without people, this tends to create different informal structures or environments in the organization which leads to different attitudes, perceptions, behaviors and traits with lots different types of aptitudes. So when employees are supposed to work together on a task in the constraints of a formal structure to reach a certain objective there are certain ways to speak and interact, which in effect forms an organizational culture, where it may be created knowingly or unknowingly by the employees. Organizational culture in some way defines the organizational structure of an organization but the structure also partially defines the culture of an organization. It can also be said that the structure is a framework for the culture to be implemented, while the culture dictates how the company should be structured. So, no matter how big a company, if its culture starts to disintegrate, it is only a matter of time till the structure also follows. Business performance in a Functional Organization structure can be severely affected by the time it takes for the flow of communication through the different levels of the hierarchy making the organization very slow to adhere to the new technology, the political situations, the economy, cultural changes or social factors and legal issues. It generally has a narrow span of control which may cause restrictrictions in individual expression and power which causes job dissatisfaction and de-motivation. The level of motivation employees possess will affect their output affecting business performance. Employees might not understand the bigger scenario and the significance of their individual work. Employees may have a bad perception towards work or because everything is so clearly defined and communication is limited, this could result in an indiffrent nature and attitude even greater affecting employee relations, affecting motivation, resulting in low business performance. On the other hand a Divisional Organizational structure has greater flexibility because of low levels of management. This fast attribute to change makes it competitive, able to adjust to customers wants and needs very fast, giving it better performance. Better communication encourages individual through initiative and power to make decisions giving the feeling of self-freedom, causing highly motivated employees, which affects business in a very good way. This is also dependent upon the individual personalities and networking within the organization. If people donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t work with each other or have a tendency to percept what others say or do differently it could affect employee relations and output affecting business performance. This is why employees need to be selected who will fit the organizational culture so that there will be excellent work relationships. Matrix being the newer organizational structure, it is a bit different from the old thinking of the typical boss; it also redefines the idea of hierarchy or individuals use of organizational power to make decisions but that of expertise power of employees. The task culture is reflected in the matrix organization and there is at times no clear leader within each team. These shifts give rise to employeesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ high job satisfaction because of individual participation and the group identity thus affecting business performance, simply because motivated employees work better.

Are tall buildings necessary for London to remain a competitive world c

Are tall buildings necessary for London to remain a competitive world city? On February 10, 2004 mayor of London Ken Livingstone introduced the London Plan, the first proactive strategy in over thirty years to deal specifically with the planning and development of London. Since an increase in London's population by 800,000 is expected by the year 2020 , the mayor has suggested the construction of high-rise buildings as the method most likely to enable London to grow in a controlled and steady manner and maintain its status as a world city. A key part of the plan, the mayor's proposal for high-density towers throughout the city, has heightened the debate between urban planners and heritage groups as to whether the construction of tall office and housing complexes is necessary and/or appropriate for London. Based on recent documents, articles and essays and London's need to remain competitive with New York and Tokyo as a world class city, the construction of tall buildings in London is a necessity, especially due to certain factors such as the need to preserve historic views, the lack of available space and London's poor transport system. The ongoing debate over whether tall buildings would best serve London and sustain and enhance its status as a world-class city has dominated the political and metropolitan structural-design arenas during the last ten years. On one side are heritage groups and conservationists claiming that an increase in the number of tall buildings would block strategic views of London's historically significant landmarks. For example, the organization English Heritage has stated that the tall buildings are a cultural issue and their role is first and foremost of image and aesthetics rather than economic,... ...22, 16 February 2004 Government of London, 'London's skyline, views and high buildings,' Planners and Development Economists http://www.london.gov.uk 16 February 2004 Government of London, 'The London Plan.' Ken Livingstone. http://www.london.gov.uk 17 February 2004 Hamnett, 'The transformation of London's occupational structure and the rise of the new middle class,' Unequal City. (Routledge) pp. 70 Livingstone, Ken. 'The only way is up,' The Independent. 2 November 2002. London School of Economics, 'London should grow up says new report on tall buildings' http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice/newsAndEvents/ archives/2000-2002/Tall_Buildings.htm 13 February 2004 Newman, P, Thornley, A. 'Fragmentation and centralization: Influencing the urban policy agenda in London' Urban Studies 34. The Editors of Urban Studies: 2997. pp 981

Principles of assessment in lifelong learning Essay

1.1Explain the types of assessment used in lifelong learning. (150 words approx.) Initial/diagnostic assessment can be taken before learner’s enrollment for a course. This is a way of finding out whether the prospective course is suitable for a student and meets the learner’s needs or not. Formative assessment can be taken during the programme or a course. Teachers use assessments in their teaching sessions to make judgement about their learners. Summative assessment is used to outline or work out the level of achievement. Summative assessment is used for a final judgement about the learning achievements. Formal assessment is used where there is a need to assess learners under controlled conditions. Informal assessment is used as an ongoing check on understanding without control conditions. This is an aid for a teacher to monitor progress. Independent assessment applies to courses where the learners are assessed by someone other than their teacher. Peer assessment is us ed where other learners are at the same level of skill and knowledge and can play a vital role in judging a learner’s achievement level. 1.2 Explain the use of methods of assessment in lifelong learning. (150 words approx.) Different methods can be used for assessment in the lifelong learning. Short answers: is a good way of keeping student activities in their learnings. Multiple –choice: is a task in which learner has to select the correct answer from a number of alternative options. Observation: Observation is used i this programme for assessment of micro-teach/ teaching practice delivery. It can be used in any situation where practical skills are being assessed. Project work: involves a piece of written work in which learners take responsibility. Essays: This is a substantial piece of written work as well. It asks learners to show understanding of the subject. Exams: can be taken either by written tests or completion of a practical task under controlled conditions. Oral and aural: These assessment test speaking and listening skills. In this assessment, learners are required to listen to something and respond . Electronic assessment: refers to the use of information technology for any assessment-related activity.

Technology: Sociology and James Stacey Taylor

Kenneth Hunter Dr. Carpenter PL401 13 November 2012 James Stacey Taylor â€Å"In Praise of Big Brother† This essay will argue the point on why we should learn to stop worrying and love (some) government surveillance. James Stacey Taylor’s idea about government surveillance monitoring each state will blow you away or open your eyes. I will draw attention to some good points, bad points, and my beliefs and why I think this way about his view. By the end of this essay I hope to have answered your entire question on this topic of interest. Which is government surveillance could be a positive or negative problem for people?The first inquiry to be address is how Dyson explained his pessimistic doubts that technological innovations frequently serve to increase social oppression and inequality. I will answer this in a two part answers, in which I will tell you how Dyson look at technology was used and who benefited from the changes. Dyson started addressing his pessimistic doub ts with examples from history and his own life. He talked about how technology started out in the fourteenth century with printing becoming the first technology transformation in Europe.With this new invention, people all through Europe had the able to have books to read and educate themselves as well as their fellow countrymen by educating themselves. The technology of printing gave power to the reproduction of the Bible which led directly to the Protestant Reformation in Northern Europe. By using the technology the Protestant ethic carried it with perpetual striving for social justice a vision that was seldom achieved. The next things Dyson begin pointing out was the sensibleness of technology which led the way for social justice during the next two centuries.Dyson talked about how public services such as clean water, sewage treatment, antibiotics and vaccines helped with bring the gap between rich and poor closer. The reason for this as he pointed out was these technologies were effective in protecting the rich from contagion and sickness if also available to poor. So, with being said in some countries where public health technologies are in enforced by law there is no large gaps. He also talked about how technologies starting making synthetic materials to bridge the gaps by introduced fake furs, brilliant colors and silk.By doing this everyone was able to afford clothes of fashion and no was able to tell a person social class by the clothes they wore. So where does the social oppression exactly begin for people? Will I believe it start with new technology and gadgets introduce to social as new a improve way to something done. What I mean by this statement for example the IPhone or any smartphone. While everyone has a cellphone to communicate with friend and family a simple function so we think. Then technology comes along a change the game with apps, internet, and built-in cameras all in a phone that cost about $600 in the beginning.Only people that could afford this new slack technology were the people with money and then newer one hit the social world pushing the older version to be affordable for everyone. So, point is like a new toy we get at Christmas time that you didn’t want your friends to touch because we have to keep it for self. Until we are bored and no longer wanting to play with it and the newest has wears off, we are more apt to allow others to enjoy it, as long as there is something better or newer to replace the old one. So, gaps are made with each turn of new technology pushing the way.In conclusion, Dyson hope technology is used to equally by everyone rich and poor. I believe he pointed out everything that would equally shared by all people no matter their social status. Technology and Social Justice will always have some type of gaps between people because money is driving force behind new technology. Dyson never pointed this out but know these gaps were between rich and poor. At the end of his essay said t here was no harm to hope. I can see your point on this because Kurzweil took you on ride on many things.From a computer storage stand point look at what we start with 250mb and now we are at 3Tb for storing information. We are growing at a rate that could way out of control or in our control that is the question? We have to understand what direction these things are taking us because it will be a limit to our growth. Kurzweil know that with growth in time bad things would follow and would have to be ready to protect our self. While reading the case against perfection by Michael Sandel he pointed out a lot of thing we do as humans to modify ourselves by technology. Things like muscles in nhancement to improve our muscle loss from old age but when technology is used for performance enhancement, running, weight lifting, and home slugger are just to name a few. The able to change person genes before even being born is wrong on so many levels. The ethics surrounding this theory wouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t allow humans to humans anymore. Everyone is born different for a reason and everyone is given their on gift at birth. By using this type of technology to change who we are would cause more chaos then good. Like Sandel pointed with the cloned sheep Dolly which died prematurely with abnormalities was unsafe.The sad truth behind all this type of technology is no matter how we try to change or improve it the cycle death in the end. Sandel point I believe is we have a right to choose our own path in life and should only everything to change our unique able to be different. In â€Å"Preventing a Brave New World† (pp. 317-329), Leon Kass concludes that reproductive and therapeutic cloning of human embryos is unethical. What are the exact steps in Kass's argument for this conclusion? What is your assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this argument?

Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essays

Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essays Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essay Centralization vs. Decentralization in Warehouse and Returns Management Essay Term Paper : Centralization Vs. Decentralization in warehouse and returns management By Kyongnim Chea August 02, 2011 1. Introduction In this paper, centralization and decentralization in warehouse and returns management is investigated. An important characteristic of the centralized return centers is adapted to methodology via web-based access and electronic data interchange (EDI) for returns management to solve the problems. The interdependences between warehousing and returns department is considered for core components in a flexible and systematic manner. This paper is going to question on a key issue relative to managing warehouses and inventories at the companies. Do the company let warehousing and returns department manage their own warehouses or inventories or transfer credits to customers’ accounts, or do it create restocking the returned parts or products centrally for warehouse with only a minimum of input from the separate distribution centers? Prior to answer those question, several other issues will be discussed such as what is the optimal degree of centralization within a firm or what is the optimal degree of decentralization within a firm? To what extent should lower-level managers be given the authority to make a decision independently of higher-level management? In the case of returns and credits department, those questions take the form of how much discretion corporate headquarters should give to the managers. Should a tightly controlled set of operating procedures be mandated, or should warehouse and returns department managers be given considerable discretion with respect to operating their warehouses and returns department? How do they influence the relative performance of different organizational structures? The objective of this paper is to provide some insight into those questions. This paper exams which organizational structure and management system can be formed in running warehouses and returns department even though little is known and found about how exactly organizational structure influences the performance of warehouses and returns department in the companies and which one fits most. The rate of improvement might be achieved through innovation and new organizational strategies. However, innovation and new organization strategies have a potential risk against the existed managers who refuse to accept changes. For example, in the case of Crown Point Cabinetry, some managers left the company when new management system, team-based management, was adopted (Anthony Govindarajan, 2006, p. 556). To reduce such negative effect when generating innovation and new organizational structure, each of departments related to this business process management should be communicated and share information. Warehouse control system and centralized returns system provide significant benefits to companies from various sources such as simplified procedures, reduced costs, and improved management information, etc. 2. Decentralization Versus Centralization in Warehouse Returns Department Advantages Disadvantages of decentralized management of Warehouse Returns Department : Under decentralized management, advantages and disadvantages are as follows ; Advantages :  ¦ Numerous individuals throughout the organization have an input on personal decisions. Accurate information to analyze appropriately  ¦ Team-based performance and cross-functional teams  ¦ No exact instructions needed  ¦ Dispersing decision-making governance to the people  ¦ It relies on lateral relationship and less on command and force.  ¦ Interfaces between parts of a system  ¦ Employees feel more comfortable that they are in control of their own decision making. Disadvantages :  ¦ Confusion, especially if one of team member is absent.  ¦ â€Å"Fragmented† : It is not easy to consolidate each of division.  ¦ Lack of uniformity or consistency Unclear evaluation system when taking responsibility. Advantages Disadvantages of centralized management of Warehouse Returns Department : Beneficially, centralized management of warehouse consolidates and provides a single interface point between each department. Centralized management is applicable to a long-term plan and it is easy to control when people in organizations have the same objectives. Other advantages are as follows ;  ¦ The ideas that come from the people who are professionals and have unique strategies.  ¦ Responsibility is easily placed.  ¦ All related data kept together Uniform service provided to all users. Disadvantages ;  ¦ It may require investment in efficient equipments or automation and high technologies.  ¦ Information given is unrealistic for adequate services.  ¦ It takes times to be responsive ag ainst incidents. 5. Recommendations Any size of any company cannot be fully centralized or decentralized. I personally favor decentralization. However, the recognition of local control and personal engagement of decentralization must be blended with centralized services that are often more efficient, cost effective, and liberating. As seen the case above, high technology system allows companies to centralize information and data to perform an adequate activities regarding a quality of services while decentralization strengthens the ideas of performances and operations maximizing individuals’ ability. Warehouse where both centralization and decentralization is adapted has been successful resulting in accuracy, a high quality of performance, and real-time base information available. Applying communication management to returns department and building trust in a relationship is essentially needed in order to change the unreasonable and ineffective policies. Under decentralized system that is becoming more popular, based on â€Å"Great power comes great responsibility†, organizations are allowed to take advantage of division of labor by sharing decision-making across the organization while the managers and employees improve their performance by being able to act immediately having discretion on problems. However, the limited authority given to the manager levels loosens the responsibility of their performance that takes place, which reduces the pressures on the results of performance. Conclusively, both centralization and decentralization are necessary for organization, but more favorable in decentralization. I personally feel that efficiency, effectiveness, and profitability should come with caring for the individuals who will accomplish goals and objectives on behalf of organization and communities. Sources Brennen, A. M. (2002). Centralization versus decentralization. From soencouragement. org/centralizationvsdecentralization. htm (Anthony Govindarajan, 2006, p. 556

E-Business in Modern Business The WritePass Journal

E-Business in Modern Business Introduction E-Business in Modern Business Introduction Media advertisingDirect marketingConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction E-Business is one of the most emerging buzz words in today’s business sector because it is designed to facilitate the individual and business community so that they remain in touch with their dealings record in 24/7 basis. There have been important progresses in the arrangement of the UK business service division in the past 30 years. As per the study of Devlin (1995), in anticipation of the near the beginning 1970s practical differentiation was principal with numerous supervisory body boundaries forced, one major outcome being limited rivalry both nationally and worldwide. As a consequence, there was serious dependence on usual division based liberation of business services and modest force for alteration. This transformation slowly with deregulation of the business and the progressively more significant position of information knowledge brought rigid opposition and force for speedy alterations. On the other hand, usually these near the beginning online business services were unsuccessful to obtain extensive receipt and were ceased. With fast enlargement of previous types of electronic services mostly on the Internet, in view of the fact that the mid 1990s banks have rehabilitated their attention in electronic form of liberation (Daniel, 1999) and underway offering for the most part business products such as present accounts, saving accounts and so forth by means of the Internet and skill facilitated channels which are cooperatively known as e-banking. The innovative information technology is flattering a significant issue in the prospect growth of business services, and particularly numerous financial businesses. Banks are faced with a number of significant questions, for example how to get filled advantage of new skill opportunities, how e-developments alter the ways customers interrelate with the financial services supplier, etc. Selected Company: Barlcays In today’s competitive working scenario most of the businesses are trying to come out of the physical operations and switch their businesses to the virtual world so that they can make their presence possible on 24/7 basis enabling any customer to approach the company without any barrier and hassle free working operations. In case of the banking sector it is important to remain activated all the time so that customers from all the parts of the world can remain in touch with the bank without any problems and barriers. In order to accomplish this work I have selected the banking industry because E-business is very common and fast developing in this industry. Furthermore I have selected Barclays as the company to focus on its E-business operations like E-marketing and Customer relationship management that how Barclays managing its operations electronically in order to enhance the customer facilitation and employees growth to streamline its business process in order to get high returns and savings on its investments. Emerging Importance of Internet Banking in Barclays It is an established reality that Internet banking is turn out to be a middle field of learning by a lot of researchers in Ireland. Purposely, the new learning demeanour in Internet banking is completed by Guriting and Ndubisi (2006) who premeditated Borneo virtual and e-banking. Among the other UK internet banking studies are Ndubisi and Sinti (2006), Ndubisi et al. (2004), Suganthi and Balachandran (2001) and Shanmugam and Guru (2002), to talk about a only some. These studies exclusively proffer an exact sympathetic on Internet banking taking in the middle of Irish. On the other hand, it is incomplete for them to discover the undergraduate’ behavioural purpose over internet banking reception, previous studies were quiet to speak to particularly apprentice as their major objective of investigation (i.e. Karem, 2003; Ndubisi et al., 2004; and Sathye, 1999). Consequently, the present learning is calculated in command to learning undergraduate receiving of Internet banking. Barclays E-Banking in Current Scenario In this current scenario of rapid development and progress people find it really hard to go to the branch and perform their banking transactions and other deposits. When people became fed up with the entire branch banking facilities and other formalities then they started to think about something virtual banking facilities so that they can successfully eliminate all the barriers of the banking industry and they can work 24/7 from anywhere and everywhere. This thinking leads them to consider a E-banking option that is very successful nowadays (i.e. Karem, 2003; Ndubisi et al., 2004; and Sathye, 1999). E-Marketing and CRM in Barclays It is an undeniable fact that E-business has introduced numerous new and innovative means of performing business operations. Some of them are e-marketing and CRM. These two business process were previously done in physical world by using physical resources and equipments, but now due tot he rapid advancement in technology and electronic these two functions can be performed electronically and in the virtual world successfully. E-marketing in Barclays Internet marketing plan in Barclays include, how to begin an Internet business, online e-marketing, and e-marketing scheme, search engine optimization, and providing Internet advertising guru tips have been our centre for several years. Marketing is the sole of any organization, e- marketing strategy is a process that enables an organization to utilize its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the market in which the organization deals. A marketing strategy key concept is that client contentment is the come primary. A marketing strategy is a process that enables an organization to utilize its available resources on the maximum opportunities to promote sales and achieve an appropriate advantage in the market in which the organization deals. Kotler’s describe that marketing is a concept applicable in all organizations not only for profit business corporations†. (Kotler, 1982) Marketing to organisation and consumers In this contemporary marketing is become very vast field and people are doing specialisation in organisation and consumers both sectors to gain the maximum benefits out of the marketing. People say it is easy to market the products and services to the organisation rather than individual customers. Because at organisational level we have to give thorough presentation about the product and services and the audience already have some knowledge about the product and services so our little efforts can bring some good revenues for the company but in case of individual customers we have to be very conscious about the individual taste and preference to win their hearts. Major Roles Media advertising Main media publicity was the action hardest hit by the financial plan cuts, considering the sharpest descending amendment in all groups. The cut to medium budgets was the third consecutive periodical descending amendment and was also the main seen for two years. Direct marketing On average in last year, direct marketing budgets were left unchanged. This quarter marked an end to the steady upward revisions which have been seen in the past seven quarters. The continued focus on direct marketing can be attributed to its perceived cost effectiveness and accountability CRM in Barclays With the emergence of E-busienss most of the business can successfully manage to entertain its customer on 24/7 basis by providing them services and products offerings through internet or any other virtual means. E-business has made it really easy for the customer to access the company to solve it issues measure and matters by remain connected with the company all the time devoid of boundary and any other barriers. Benefits of CRM Time saving factor Electronic banking has given new modes of performing business and dealings. It’s proved to be a very productive and time saving for the business transactions. Now we do not have to wait for two to three days for cheque clearing within few minutes we can transfer our funds and we can also deposit our cash and attain financial statement within few clicks. These procedures have really made our business matters more convenient and fast and it also reduced time in our daily transactions. In fact some of the Banks in Ireland are offering mobile service as well due to which we can check our account transaction anytime and anywhere (Pekka Laukkanen, 2008, pp.440 455). Customer flexibility E-banking provides utmost flexibility to the customers and it can also provide equal facilities and flexibilities to the bank employees. Now they can make their posting to branch to branch transfers with the help of virtual network or we can also call it virtual private network that is VPN. These systems can really help the employees to build long term relationships with the customers and it can also enhance their credibility in their career. Along with this these internet facilities ensure 24/7 service availability of banking service without any tension or time boundary (Minna Mattila, 2003, pp.514 528). Security As you’d wait for from a reward winning online banking examination, theres totally no cooperation when it comes to safety. There are two separate areas of safety that relate to our online banking customers. The primary is our safety system to defend you when you use e-Banking. The moment involves the safety measures you should get to defend yourself when you go online. Use Cases in Aspect of Customers and Enterprise The below mentioned cases are the perfect example of e-business application in an online library and online shopping. It can really boost the business performance by adding huge profits and sales in business accounts and financial records. E-Library OPAC An Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) is e-Library website which is part of Integrated Library System (ILS), also known as a Library Management System (LMS), and managed by a library or group of libraries. Patrons of the library can search library catalog online to locate various resources books, periodicals, audio and visual materials, or other items under control of the library. Patrons may reserve or renew item, provide feedback, and manage their account. Online Shopping Web Customer actor uses some web site to make purchases online. Top level use cases are View Items, Make Purchase and Client Register. View Items use case could be used by customer as top level use case if customer only wants to find and see some products. This use case could also be used as a part of Make Purchase use case. Client Register use case allows customer to register on the web site, for example to get some coupons or be invited to private sales. Note, that Checkout use case is included use case not available by itself checkout is part of making purchase. Except for the Web Customer actor there are several other actors which will be described below with detailed use cases. Conclusion This paper has numerous actions and parameters that can measure the importance of E-business in banking sector scenario and it also gives real analysis about the domestic market that how customer will respond towards this banking facility and services.   E-Business, the newest production of electronic banking transactions has released up novel window of occasion to the current banks and monetary institutions. Most of the banks have their own websites but not all of them proffer internet facilities. The major cause of this is that the banks do not have the IT infrastructure and good security description. To increase the self-assurance on internet banking the in general computer literacy must be urbanized. With that ambition management has taken scheme even in the root level to enlarge it literacy in the state. On the other hand, with banking customers growing more and more relaxing with the digital way of life, but Barclay’s customers are not intended in case of e-banking in Ireland. They are not flattering recognize the influence of knowledge and seek to influence it to get pleasure from better management over their banking operations. To bring to a close that e-banking may also give previous benefits. For example, making new markets, and plummeting functioning costs, managerial costs and labour force are more and more imperative aspects for the banks’ competitiveness, and e-banking may get better these aspects as well. So, UK banks should take these compensation of e-banking in UK as before time as likely. References Chen, T. (1999) Critical Success Factors for Various Strategies in the Banking Industry. International Journal of Bank Marketing. Vol. 17, No. 2, pp 83-91. Cronin, M. J. (1998) Defining Net Impact: The Realignment of Banking and Finance on the Web, in Cronin, M. J. (Ed.) Banking and Finance on the Internet. Chapter 1, John Wiley Sons, New York, USA, pp. 1-18. Daniel, E. (1999). Provision of electronic banking in the UK and Republic of Ireland. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 17 (2), 72-82. Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P., Warshaw, P.R.(1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22 (14), 1111-1132. Franco, S. C., Klein, T. (1999) Online Banking Report, Piper Jaffray Equity Research, www.pjc.com/ec-ie01.asp?team=2 Guriting, P., Ndubisi N.O. (2006). Borneo online banking: Evaluating customer perceptions and behavioural intention. Management Research News, 29 (1/2), 6-15. Minna Mattila, Heikki Karjaluoto, Tapio Pento, (2003) Internet banking adoption among mature customers: early majority or laggards?, Journal of Services Marketing, Emerald Group Publishing Limited Vol. 17 Iss: 5, pp.514 528

Biography of Henry Ford Essays - Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion

Biography of Henry Ford Henry Ford was one of the most brilliant entrepreneurs in creating the automobile assembly line, it was his controversial characteristics and unorthodox approach towards administrating the Ford Motor Company which resulted in the conglomeration of one of the most successful corporations in the world. At the turn of the century everything was booming! The growth of the economy and stock market increased the job opportunities as well as morals. As a result of this industrial revolution, out of the woodwork came a humble yet driven man, Henry Ford. Between the five dollar/day plan, his policies on administrating the company, and his relations with his customers, Ford was often presented as a suspicious character. This controversial behavior epitomized the success of the company, it did not lead to his own downfall as many suspect. The Anti-Semitic accusations, and the belief that Ford was taking advantage of his customers, were by far overshadowed by his brilliance and strong hand in running his company. Of course, there were not always supporters of Henry Ford. If fact, there were many critics, critics who believed that Henry Ford was so controversial that it prevented the potential of Fords from becoming greater than it is today. By the mid twenties the Fords was already the worlds most successful automobile company, but their great reputation would soon decline. Fords $5/day plan for all employees signified the overwhelming success of the company. Many believed this success was short-lived with the new policies dealing with the workers which soon followed. With the need to increase production and lower costs, in the mid 30s Ford cut all Ford workers wages in half. Workers were expected to work faster, and harder. Department heads were ordered to ban all talking and whistling while work was in progress. All of this was a ploy by Ford to make sure he knew every move of his workers, he was very possessive. Secondly, Ford began to fire older workers and hire younger workers. His ideology was that the younger workers could work more productively and more efficiently. Which in turn would send more money flowing into his pockets. What resulted was quite humorous in fact. Black hair dye became a hot seller in the Detroit area . Older workers tried to disguise their age by dying their hair black. Fords manipulation of his workers was immoral and unjust. There was no industrial democracy, workers were forced to do what they were told or would be out of a job. Henry Fords controversial behavior reflected badly on himself and on the Ford Motor Company. The Anti-Semitic views expressed by Henry Ford could never be denied. It was common knowledge in fact that Henry Ford was prejudice. He wrote an article in the Dearborn Independent expressing his ideas that Jews were the cause of many peoples problems. Henry Ford was sued by a man by the name Aaron Sapiro in the early 1930s. Sapiro had evidence that Ford threatened himself with Anti-Semitic sentiments. Ford was recorded as saying, Sapiro is a shrewd little Jew. The bible says Jews will return to Palestine, but they want to get all the money out of America first. Sapiro should be kicked out because he is trash.. The result of the trial was humiliation for the Ford company and Henry Ford himself. After a hung jury in the first trial, the case was dropped when Ford wrote a lengthy retraction and apologized for his statements. Fords was declining in profits and production among the worlds best. All as a result of Henry Fords ego. Thus, by 1931 Ford lowered in the ranks, controlling only 28% of the market 2nd to GM with 31%. Henry Ford was the godfather of the automobile industry in the early 1900s. The development of his River Rouge plant was considered a industrial Cathedral. Hundreds waited month after month in front of the employment building hoping to be hired. To foreign immigrants it meant hope and a successful future. The River Rouge plant employed over 50,000 employees. Pols, Lithuanians, Germans, almost every western Europe country could be represented at the Ford Plant. Like a father Henry Ford began educational programs, teaching his illiterate employees how

BETH ANN FARAGHER, PETITIONER v. CITY OF BOCA RATON Case Study

BETH ANN FARAGHER, PETITIONER v. CITY OF BOCA RATON - Case Study Example This therefore puts them in a position that they can abuse by practising acts that can be termed as abusive and therefore call for legal intervention. In our case the city is claimed to be unaware of the actions of two of its employees-Terry and Silverman who were sued for subjecting the petitioner-Faragher and other female lifeguards to the unwelcome and uninvited touches and abusive language that they were using. Among the allegations, Terry had said that he would never promote a woman to the rank of a Lieutenant and in another occasion, Silverman had warned Faragher that she should date him or she would clean the toilets for a year (Legal Information Institute). Silverman being in a position to allocate duties to the lifeguards, had the power to execute that threat. This therefore calls for the intervention of the law as the powers he uses are bestowed to him by the agency that has hired him and set him to the rank that he is in. The United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida handled the case where Faragher had sued the city. It established that during the time that that Faragher was working with the city, Terry was serving as the Chief of the Marine Safety division and he had authority to supervise all aspects of the life guards’ assignments, engage in counselling and deliver oral reprimands while putting into record such an occurrence. At that moment, Silverman was serving in the position of marine safety lieutenant. The city had a sexual harassment policy that was drafted on February 1986. This was revised in 1990 and a restatement reissued. However, Terry, Silverman and Gordon were unaware of it. This put the responsibility of their actions at an individual level as the city had already drafted a policy in regard to sexual harassment. The court made a conclusion that the conduct of Terry and Silverman could be cause a hostile working environment for Faragher. The court therefore

CSR initiative and its correct perspective Essay

CSR initiative and its correct perspective - Essay Example He has the reputation of being a tough official to deal with and the one who gives quick decisions, if convinced about the merit of the proposal. My project related to the grant of $100000 to a NGO that managed a half-way-home for women inmates released from prisons. The NGO supported them for one year from the date of release or till such time they were assimilated in the society, by assisting them to get proper employment, whichever was earlier. â€Å"I have just one question,† the HRD Manager asked in a firm tone, â€Å"Why should we help the criminals? They were put behind the bars after the due process of law, for having committed crimes. They do not deserve sympathy.† I had anticipated the question. I said, â€Å"Sir, no one is a born criminal. By helping a woman to lead a normal life, we not only help one individual, but save a generation. Dire circumstances make one a criminal and many crimes are committed on the spur of the moment. Crime-free world is in the i nterest of the business establishments.† My project caught his imagination and he sanctioned the grant saying, â€Å"Alright boy, you’re up.† 2. What you do is important in business, but how you do what you do is more important: The showroom of this distributor and the premises where he kept stocks stood devastated.

Young College Female Students in early 1960 to 1963 Research Paper

Young College Female Students in early 1960 to 1963 - Research Paper Example It has become one of the basic needs alongside the other needs like food, shelter, and clothing. The need for education traces its roots to the ancient times with the need to read, write, and perform some arithmetic operations that were necessary for daily activities. Education enables individuals to understand different aspects of life in order to lead a positive way of life. It determines career and enables an individual to earn a living. Education at a higher level involves a form of training that equips individuals with knowledge and skills that can be used in different production practices. It helps individual develop a profession. It is a tool used to empower women and the marginalized groups. Education enables individuals to understand their rights and the roles that they should play in the society. Societies comprise different categories of individuals some of which are marginalized. Females and the minority groups have been the subjects of such forms of discrimination in the societies in the past. Education is essential in preventing and managing such kinds of discrimination. Access to education is affected by different social and economic factors. The financial status of an individual may deny one access to higher education that is quite expensive in most countries. The social factors like the culture that prevails in a given society may also influence access to education. In the olden times, more values were given to the males as compared to the females. In such cultures, females were not allowed access to meaningful education. The females were arguably destined to marriage and it was considered meaningless giving them higher formal education. This practice was witnessed in different parts of the world up to the twentieth century. The availability of the learning facilities is also another factor. Proximity to the educational centers can affect an individual’s access to education. Education saw significant developments across the globe over th e last century. It was observed that the number of students enrolled in tertiary colleges in the world increased over two hundred times from 500,000 students in 1900 to over 100 million in 2000.1 The proportion of female enrollment has also increased considerably in the recent decades. Various initiatives have been established in different countries aimed at empowering women and other disadvantaged individuals in the society. Various women activists have emerged to fight discrimination against women through promoting education of the girl child. The modern family planning methods have also enabled females to carry on with their education beyond high school. In the older days, women got married and were in the family way at their early twenties- mostly before college education. Thus, the enrollment of female students in institutions of higher learning changed significantly from the last half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Similarly, the enrollme nt of females in the colleges in the mid twentieth century is significantly different from the current women enrolment in colleges across the globe. This paper focuses on the college enrollment of female students in the United States in the early 1960 to 1963. The pattern of female enrollment that was seen before this period as well as the patterns that have been seen in the following period is also examined. The paper also focuses on the factors that could have contributed to the changes observed in the enrollment patterns. Thesis statement Despite the difficulties that the activists have encountered in the reform movements, female education has improved over the last decades with the female enrollment

Education changes life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Education changes life - Essay Example nd uninterested, but through his own liaison with books, Alexie was given an opportunity that many of these people deprived themselves of by grasping the various facets of the world around him, which he discovered in books. By learning to read, Alexie was able to view his world in a new, vibrant light, one that he would have never gotten a chance to see if he had succumbed to the shallow beliefs of others. When Frederick Douglass decided to act on his impulse to learn to read and write, he was living as a slave. The opportunity at receiving an education was not available to him, and even after his mistress promised to teach him to read, she quickly withdrew this promise at the request of her husband. Instead of being deterred, Douglass was even more eager to learn the symbols that were being hidden from him, that had piqued his curiosity. Over the years, Douglass enlisted sympathetic neighborhood boys as his teachers, and with â€Å"their kindly aid . . . I finally succeeded in lear ning to read† (Douglass 101). These newly acquired skills were amazing enough to this boy who had been denied a proper education, but he was able to use them to understand that, despite the color of his skin, he was still human. Among the books that he read, Douglass favored stories and histories about the past and present fate of his people. He detested what he read, and â€Å"often found myself regretting my own existence . . . but for the hope of being free, I have no doubt but that I should have killed myself† (103). Douglass did not like what he was learning, but what he discovered was life-changing: he was entitled to freedom. Malcolm X coaxed himself to learn to read and write while he was in prison, desperate to convey in writing his appreciation to Elijah Muhammad. Furthermore, â€Å"the... This essay demonstrates how important the education is in the life of each person on the examples of Alexie, Douglass, and Malcolm X. Through their unique experiences with learning to control language, write effectively, and read with strong comprehension, Alexie, Douglass, and Malcolm X not only gained a firm understanding of the world around them but also of themselves. However, these had not been their goals when they began the journey of learning the written word. When these men taught themselves to read, they did so for the sake of their upbringing, curiosity, and for freedom. I do not think that these three men expected to discover what they did upon learning to read, which were completely new worlds beyond the ones that had become familiar to them. As their comprehension of the written word strengthened, these men were soon finding truths and answers to the pressing questions of life within the pages of books. By looking at what Alexie, Douglass, and Malcolm X gained from lear ning to read, it can be said that the effect of these skills is discovery, both of the world and of the self. Through their personal experiences, reveal how life-changing education can be. These men, happy as most of them were with life, longed for something more, something that allowed them to explore themselves and their world in a way that offered virtually no boundaries. This ability was discovered in the skills of reading and writing, which let these men learn from others and have the skills required to share their own knowledge and discoveries.

HRD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRD - Research Paper Example In this relationship, rules are created and enforced to ensure smooth running of the organisation and its effectiveness. Different actors are involved in this process including employer, employee, trade unions, and the government or state. Such a relationship may be harmonious, conflictual or antagonistic depending on the context and ideologies. This forms the core of employment relations that this report will focus on. This is a report to the boss of a multinational mining company in Australia seeking to engage the services of skilled immigrant workers under Temporary Work (Skilled) (subclass 457) visas. Bill is a newly appointed ER manager at a multinational mining company in Australia. This is the first time he is working in the mining industry having prior experience in heavy engineering and utilities. The company is about to take over operations of an existing mine on a remote site in WA. However, many mining companies in Australia claim to be facing skill shortages and reduced competitiveness due to rising labour costs thus the problem is how to fill this skill gap. The most reasonable option is to source labour from local market but since this is not forthcoming, the option of immigrants is crucial. For a long time, Australia has been using the services of immigrants to fill skill gaps. These may be filled by permanent skilled immigrants, or temporary immigrants who include: holidaymakers, students and temporary (long stay) immigrants. Jakubowicz (2013) indicates that temporary business (long stay) visas were introduced by the Howard government in 1996. Prior to that Australia was not keen on employing immigrants but permanent skilled immigrants are considered Australian citizens hence appropriate to work in Australia under prevailing working conditions and labour laws. However, the option of temporary (long stay) visas has enabled Australia to

Illegal Immigration and The Cost to US Citizens Essay

Illegal Immigration and The Cost to US Citizens - Essay Example mmigration in the United States and would provide with both the view points on it concluding as to if it should be stopped or not (Illegal immigration). It was found that the number of illegal immigrants residing in the United States were almost 10.8 million in January 2009 (Reuters 2010) Most of these immigrants belonged to Latin America, Mexico, and Central America. These immigrants have crossed borders illegally through different ways to enter USA. Most of them enter USA to earn a better living there as it is a developed country. The proponents of illegal immigration believe that they have a positive effect on the economy of the United States as these immigrants tend to work a lot for the service sector. A report known as Perryman report of 2008 found that these illegal immigrants were adding up to $245 billion to the GDP of United States. These proponents believe that it is because of these illegal immigrants that the service sector of United States is booming. The wages that the illegal workers take from their employers is quite less as compared to the wages written in the constitution and this is because it gives an edge to em ployers. The proponents believe that illegal immigration can create a lot of jobs which naturally other citizens of United States would not be willing to take. It is because of their courtesy that all the sectors of the United States are working in an organized manner. However all these views are opposed by the opponents of illegal immigration as they believe the opposite of what the proponents believe (FOX NEWS 2010; Illegal Immigration). The opponents of illegal immigration argue that these immigrants are taking the rights of the citizens of United States and are depriving them of the basic necessities as laid down in the constitution. The jobs taken up by the illegal immigrants in United States can be taken up by legal citizens if they are given the chance. The opponents not only lay down the problems of economy because of these

HRD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRD - Research Paper Example In this relationship, rules are created and enforced to ensure smooth running of the organisation and its effectiveness. Different actors are involved in this process including employer, employee, trade unions, and the government or state. Such a relationship may be harmonious, conflictual or antagonistic depending on the context and ideologies. This forms the core of employment relations that this report will focus on. This is a report to the boss of a multinational mining company in Australia seeking to engage the services of skilled immigrant workers under Temporary Work (Skilled) (subclass 457) visas. Bill is a newly appointed ER manager at a multinational mining company in Australia. This is the first time he is working in the mining industry having prior experience in heavy engineering and utilities. The company is about to take over operations of an existing mine on a remote site in WA. However, many mining companies in Australia claim to be facing skill shortages and reduced competitiveness due to rising labour costs thus the problem is how to fill this skill gap. The most reasonable option is to source labour from local market but since this is not forthcoming, the option of immigrants is crucial. For a long time, Australia has been using the services of immigrants to fill skill gaps. These may be filled by permanent skilled immigrants, or temporary immigrants who include: holidaymakers, students and temporary (long stay) immigrants. Jakubowicz (2013) indicates that temporary business (long stay) visas were introduced by the Howard government in 1996. Prior to that Australia was not keen on employing immigrants but permanent skilled immigrants are considered Australian citizens hence appropriate to work in Australia under prevailing working conditions and labour laws. However, the option of temporary (long stay) visas has enabled Australia to

Euthanasia Persuasive Speech Essay Example for Free

Euthanasia Persuasive Speech Essay Imagine a world where anyone, even the curably ill or depressed, is easily assisted in suicide. Where someone else decides when you’re life is no longer worth living. Where it is a societal expectation to die rather than receive long-term care. Ladies and Gentlemen, this is the world that awaits us if we legalise euthanasia. Euthanasia, or assisted suicide, is defined as the practice or act of ending the life of a terminally ill person, usually by lethal injection. Though there is no exact specification for what ‘terminally ill’ may pertain to. Who would this definition extend to and who would be eligible to be euthanized? Some laws state that â€Å"terminally ill† means that death will occur in a relatively short time. Others are specifically stating within six months or less. Though this definition is futile, as medical experts state it is virtually impossible to predict the life expectancy of each specific patient. As this has been realised, numerous euthanasia activists have increasingly replaced references to ‘terminal illness’ to phrases such as ‘hopelessly ill’, ‘desperately ill’, ‘incurably ill’. In Thomas E. Joiner’s journal Suicide and Life- Threatening behaviour, an article described the guidelines for assisted suicide to be for those with a hopeless condition. The definition of ‘hopeless condition’ included terminal illness, severe physical or psychological pain, physical or mental debilitation or deterioration, or a quality of life that is no longer acceptable to the individual. In 2009, over 30% of euthanasia cases were carried out without consent in Belgium. Simultaneously, the number of cases had increased dramatically, specifically 40% greater in 2009 than in 2008. Furthermore, in 77. 9% of these cases the patients had been killed without an explicit request, nor a discussion of euthanasia. It seems extremely likely that, in Belgium, physicians are killing patients on their own cognizance with no regard for legal restraints. Is euthanasia truly a ‘voluntary’ practice, as described in the law? Even the enforcement of laws seems ineffective as they have proven to do little to ensure the safety of vulnerable patients. How can we ensure that these results will not be replicated in Australia if we follow in Belgium’s footsteps? Could euthanasia be considered a ‘slippery slope to legalised murder’? When analysing medicines primary taboo, as sworn in the Hippocratic Oath, ‘I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if they asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect’ it becomes apparent that euthanasia purely contradicts this. Doctor assistance in the death of a patient is antithetical to the moral ethos and the primary goal of medicine. Their role as healer is fundamentally incompatible with euthanasia. Furthermore, euthanasia rejects the dignity and value of human life. The existing quality-of-human-life ethic would be replaced with a utilitarian and nihilistic death culture and a pessimistic view that the answer to life’s most difficult challenges is the intentional ending of human life. Such a radical shift in morality would fire dangerous consequences. Societal pressure and acceptance of this concept would influence the decisions of those who would originally never contemplate such a decision. Vulnerable people- the elderly, the ill, the depressed- would feel pressure- real or imagined- to request an early death through euthanasia. The legalisation of euthanasia would be detrimental to the strife for survival of the ill and depressed, to the vulnerable that health-maintenance organisations wish to exterminate, to the medical profession and to the overall value of human life. By legalising euthanasia we are allowing our world to transform into the unthinkable. When will someone else decide when you’re life is no longer worth living?

Why the theories of supply and supply elasticity are important

Why the theories of supply and supply elasticity are important EXPLAIN USING RELEVANT TOURISM, LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY EXAMPLES WHY THE THEORIES OF: -SUPPLY -THE THEORY OF SUPPLY ELASTICITY ARE KEY CONCEPTS IN HELPING US UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN WITH OUR INDUSTRY ? This preface provides a comprehensive introduction to the task given for the individual learning outcomes. The Assignment needs to stretch on the Key concepts in understanding the theory of Supply and Supply Elasticity in relevant to Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry (Hotel Industry) . The given assignment encompasses the following, PART 01 The factors which could determine the Demand and Supply of Hotel supplies in United Kingdom. It will cover the Key concepts Elasticity of supply in relevant to Hotel Supplies supplied in United Kingdom Hotel Supplies will include the following- Room Amenities- Bath Accessories, City Information Brochures and Stationeries Imported Food Materials New Zealand lamb Chops, Spices , Seasonal P er I Perishable foods Imported Spirits Expensive wines, Rare Collection Cognac, liqueurs and S Single malt. Maintenance Supplies PART 02 The reasons that firms seek to expand their businesses via internationalisation. Illustrating with Hotel industry of how firms that you have researched have pursued the globalisation objective. All these topics are gradually explained as we go and the key terms are highlighted in the task. The underlying concepts and basic principles are used to design the text. Introduction The hospitality industry is major service sector in the world economy. The industry encompasses an extensive variety of service industries that include food service, tourism and hotels. The hospitality industry is a 3.5 trillion Pound service sector within the global economy. London has been named the 2012 for International Games.There are a multitude of benefits for London hosting the Olympics, biggest of them is Hotel revenue in terms of Revenue, which means Demand for Hotels are already forecasted. The demand for the hotels in any market is determined basically by the amount of travellers inflow in that place. This study may examine the relationship between the Supply and the factors affecting the hospitality sector using some of the theories adapted from Mr. Don Burton notes. Reference: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com SUPPLY CONNOTE The term Supply states the total amount of the product that producers are willing and able to provide at a particular price over a given period of time. Here willingness is the keyword and this is determined using various analytical factors in ones mind. The hotel business faces the complexity in the commission of managing the chronological demand for its products put on show for the rest of the world. Also the supply of rooms has outpaced the demand over the last decade. Especially in the United Kingdom, since it is the worlds first industrialised country and stands sixth in the world economy with the power of purchasing parity has to follow some theories in order to sustain healthy in their competitive environment And as per the fact in 2012 the hotels in UK needs to offer 1 million rooms, the demand in the near future is high. The hotels have two basic means of achieving sustainable competitive advantage within their product market by focussing on low price and to meet the demand the Customers. Reference: http://ezinearticles.com/?cat=Business:International-Business SUPPOSITION OF SUPPLY The regulations of supply declares that, The Law of Supply claims that when other things are equal, the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good rises IMPINGE ON SUPPLY Supply agenda shows the Law of Supply states that as the price of a good rises, the quantity supplied of the good rises, and as the price of a good falls, the quantity supplied of the good falls, ceteris paribus. Simply put, the price of hotel supplies increases the supply to the hotel also increases, when price of Hotel Supplies falls then the supply to the Hotel is also reduced. This is done because the Supplier has invested his opportunity cost in other sources. The Graph illustrates when demand for Hotel room is high the quantity supplied of Hotel Supplies are also high when compared to 2010. Source: http://www.hotelnewsnow.com/Articles.aspx FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY There are various factors that may affect the Supply of the hotels either undeviating or deviating. These are some notable direct factors such prices of relevant resources, technology, prices of other goods, number of sellers, expectations of future price, taxes and subsidies, and government restrictions.. This is bulleted below in detail, Prices of relevant resources Technology Prices of other goods Number of sellers Expectations of future price Taxes and subsidies Government restrictions Source Roger. A Arnold, Economics, 4th Edition, Page No.72 FACTORS WHICH CAUSES CHANGE IN SUPPLY PRICES OF RELEVANT RESOURCES Resources are needed to produce goods. For example, Source is Steak when the price of Steak gone down, then the hotel will purchase and stock more of steak to sell more steaks in hotels which increases the supply of Steak. In that case Supply Curve will move towards rightward. If there is no resource, that is less steak available thus creating less supply of rooms. Consequently, the preparation of steak will decrease, and the supply curve will shift leftward. TECHNOLOGY Most of the western countries have their usage of advanced technology to serve the hotel companies better. The development and in place highly integrated business processes technologies and system are definite. The hotels states the objective in promoting the hotel interface technologies such as property management system, point of sales system, video on demand security and access control which improves Hotel supplies efficiently and effectively. Therefore, the supply curve will shift to the right. PRICES OF OTHER GOODS When change in the price of one good can lead to a change in the supply of another good For example the Lobster price increases dues to worst climatic conditions making lobster unavailable in market then supply of Fish Increases. Lobster Fish Price Case- 1 Case -2 Quantity NUMBER OF SELLERS If more sellers begin producing a particular good, perhaps because of high profits, the supply curve will shift rightward. If some sellers stop producing a particular good, perhaps because of losses, the supply curve will shift leftward. EXPECTATIONS OF FUTURE PRICE If the price of a good is expected to be higher in the future, then producers may hold back some of the Hotel essential supplies today. Then they will have more to sell at the higher future price.. TAXES AND SUBSIDIES Some taxes increase per-unit costs. Suppose tax on Liqour is increased and producer is suppose to pay 2 pounds per Bottle. This tax leads to a leftward shift in the supply curve, indicating that the manufacturer wants to produce and offer to sell few of Liqour at each price. If the tax is eliminated, the supply curve shifts rightward. Subsidies have the opposite effect. Suppose the government subsidizes the production of Rice by paying wheat farmers 3 pounds for every bushel of wheat they produce. Because of the subsidy, the quantity supplied of rice is greater at each price, and the supply curve of Rice shifts rightward. Removal of the subsidy shifts the supply curve of corn leftward. Government Restrictions The government restrictions affects import of hotel supplies for international market, For example stricter Import duties implies adverse affect on hotel essentials thus giving less Output, the supply to the guest will be restricted with available foods. In this case the Supply curve moves towards left. Reference: Roger A Arnold, Economics, 2008 edition, P.No-71 PART B Price elasticity of supply When price changes, there will be not only a change in the quantity demanded, but also a change in the quantity supplied. Frequently we will want to know just how responsive quantity supplied is to a change in price. The measure we use is the price elasticity of supply.( PeS ) In simple terms the responsiveness of quantity supplied to a change in price. is called Price Elasticity of Supply. When it relates to hotel industry the responsiveness of Hotel supplier to a change in price of the product. The supply to hotel supplies in market will depends on change in price of hotel supplies in market or price offered by the Competitors. supplies Hotel Quantity Demanded The figure shows two supply curves. Curve S 2 is more elastic between any two prices than curve S 1. Thus, when price of Hotel Supplies rises from P 1 to P 2 there is a larger increase in quantity supplied of Hotel Supplies with S 2 (namely, Q 1 to Q 3 ) than there is with S 1 (namely, Q 1 to Q 2 ). For any shift in the demand curve there will be a larger change in quantity supplied of Hotel Supplies and a smaller change in price of Hotel Supplies with curve S 2 than with curve S 1. Thus the effect on price and quantity of a shift in the demand curve will depend on the price elasticity of supply. Reference : Roger. A Arnold, Economics, 2008 Edition, Page No.57 Source : http://economics.about.com INTERPRETATION OF SUPPLY CURVE Source : A. M. Shella , Economies of Hotel management , 2002 edition, P- No.91 KEY CONCEPTS IN DETERMINING THE PES WITH HOTEL SUPPLIES ARE FACTORS AFFECTING PES Spare production capacity When there is plenty of spare capacity  then the business will increase its output and therefore the Hotel Supplies supply will Elastic in response to Demand. Stocks of finished products and components If the stocks are products are high in the market supply will be elastic. Conversely when Hotel Supplies stocks are low, supply will be inelastic in response to a change in demand. The ease and cost of factor substitution If both capital and labour resources are  occupationally mobile  then the elasticity of supply for a Hotel Supplies is higher than if capital and labour cannot easily and quickly be switched 4) Time period involved in the production process Supply is more price elastic the longer the  time period  that a firm is allowed to adjust its production levels. The  momentary supply  is fixed and is determined mainly by planting decisions made months before, and also climatic conditions, which affect the overall production yield. Source: http://www.amosweb.com FACTORS DETERMINING PES Two factors that affect the numerical value of the price elasticity of supply are The Amount that costs rises as output Rises and time period of analysis. 1) The Amount that costs rises as output Rises When the Additional cost for producing additional output, this encourages more firms to produce for a given price which is raised, then more elastic will be supply. The lees the conditions apply, the less Elastic will supply be. 2) Analysis of Time Period when time period is longer then the time for analysis is more, responsiveness to the price change. Longer times enables the supplier to find alternatives. Time period are of two Long Run and Short Run. For example, the supply of the Ethnic Restaurants is not very elastic for a period, because Raw material used in production cannot easily switch to other goods. However, given enough time, a year or more, resources can move between productions, resulting in a more elastic supply. Reference: John Sloman Alison Wride, Economics, 7th Edition, Page 58. Conclusion Subsequent to the above text consisting of the Supply theories and its implication we could identify the factors that may directly cause the Supply either Surplus or Shortage. Having said that, the necessities of the supply are proposed transparently combining various abilities and the willingness of the producer and their assumption. Also the producer Supplying behaviour is related to the nations economical status and external factors (Climate, Transport, Trend) in the United Kingdom on the whole. TASK 2 WORD COUNT 1500 ANALYSE THE REASONS THAT FIRMS SEEK TO EXPAND THEIR BUSINESSES VIA INTERNATIONALISATION. HOW FIRMS THAT YOU HAVE RESEARCHED HAVE PURSUED THE GLOBALISATION OBJECTIVE? Introduction Surfacing the fact that the humankind business endeavours eyeing on high levels of branding and marking their presence all over the world by adapting the input called the Internationalisation. Most of the third world nations are now in the realism of making the most out of it, in terms of manpower and technological progression. With the presence of WTO the world trade organisation and its phenomenal support it has even made easier to connect nations across the globe with traditional business evolution in the way it is suppose to be. Having said that, the key concept is globalisation and its revolution in the modern business environment. This perceived text from the research will clarify the concept of internationalisation and the purpose it serves to aid the organisation picked as an example. And will also justify the adaptation on globalisation to pursue the objectives with complete satisfaction. Internationalisation The expression is closely attached with the term economic globalisation. This concept can be rephrased as the integration of national economy in to the international economy. Which is done by trade foreign investment, capital flows, spread of technology and the presence of security. The late 20th century offers the rural sociology and revitalization in the crisis of development theorist. The rising concern in the sustainability reveals the limits of up gradation concept. It is vital that every nation and the business existing should imply the globalization in their environment. Of-course the unrevealing support of the nations involved in the globalisations speaks loud for its own steps forward in the long lasting business era. However internationalisation is commonly recognised and path driven by amalgamation of vital aspects such as Economic Technological Socio cultural political Biological factors. Source: http://www.dadalos.org/globalisation/grundkurs_4.htm This phrase can also be acknowledged for the fact that it is transnational circulation of ideas, languages or cultural variance. These aspects are belonging to the humanity across the world which has gone through the process can be said to globalised. Significance of internationalisation Globalisation has a various aspects which affects the world business in several different ways. The emergence of the concept was very vital and as discussed earlier the positive outcomes are way too longer. It is advised to adhere to the principles of global marketing instances. The swiftness of internationalisation will continue to have a growing impact on business organisations and their practices evenly. Internationalisation hastens the development of the third world countries. Internationalisation of communication has a phenomenal upshot. Internationalisation fetches equalization of income distribution. Internationalisation brings about increased opportunity in the poor countries. Pessimistic values on internationalisation Although the rising concerns in the firms affiliated with the paradigm internationalisation, which has left hardly any hurdles or negative effects relating the organisation with that of its man power resource etc. The developed nations in this modern business environment adapt the policy of outsourcing which happens in manufacturing and white collar jobs. The exploitations of the globalisation have led the child workers usage in atrocious conditions in order to produce cheap good by ignoring safety concerns. Earlier in this business world, the workers had stable jobs but now the people live in constant dread of losing their jobs to competitiveness in the environment.. The world of terrorism has involved them in usage of internet for their global terror information postal. Nevertheless the growing concerns of the firm have witnessed these negative aspects in establishing their brand. Submission of Internationalisation in relation to a hospitality firm. Globalisation is measured in various key aspects and the most immense thought has to be prearranged to the people industry which is called the hospitality trade. This concept is symbolized by the rapid movement of people, information and capital across national borders worldwide. Although this paradigm is a contemporary force with careful definition it is accepted. Global expansion with common product and branding position are in place to acquire the establishment in control. Sales and marketing of the firm programming in such a way they capture the global economy. Organisational structures that allow delivery of service with local operational control and the usage of world capital market as a primary source of funding. Quilon a personification in the task Succeeding to the illustration and the task given, in which the concept of internationalisation is completely implemented and has witnessed a global accolades for its idea. Quilon the hospitality firm being an example for the task given demonstrates certain prolific dimension to the global restaurant chains. A group of TAJ HOTELS RESORTS Concerning Quilon As a part of an iconic Indian hotel group called the the Taj hotels and resorts Established in 1903, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is one of Asias largest and finest group of hotels, comprising 61 hotels in 42 locations across India with an additional 16 international hotels in the UK, Maldives, Mauritius, Malaysia, Australia, USA, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa and the Middle East. From world-renowned landmarks to modern business hotels, idyllic beach resorts to authentic Rajput palaces, each Taj hotel offers an unrivalled fusion of warm Indian hospitality, world-class service and modern luxury. As they march on in the United Kingdom and established two hotels out of which the crown plaza has the significant Michelin starred restaurant named Quilon. Three other considerations in global expansion for Quilon Restaurant (A Taj Group) Source : Managing the Multinational Enterprise, John M Stopford, P.no 697 Strategic scope for Quilon Global perception is a matter of survival of the business. That is why a strategy is formed to drive the organisation to attain its penultimate vision of a firm. In the following text lets notify the significant features or strategy adopted by the hospitality firm which I have chosen in order to showcase the firms benefit in using the paradigm internationalisation as a business tool. Quilon has adopted Porters diamond theory of international competitive advantage identifies a diamond of four interrelated areas within a nation that assist that country to be more competitive in international markets the four areas being factor conditions, competing firms within the country, support industries of the country and home demand. Source: Porter, M E (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, P.No 691 1) FACTOR CONDITIONS The success of Quilon was depended on the national governments willingness to invest in these areas over long periods of time. Porter emphasised that competitiveness was not just a matter of comparative advantage. Resources can also be home-grown and specialised. Thus, goes well beyond natural resources but can assist in delivering national competitiveness. The Quilon has managed to take competitive advantage on UK market with resources being efficiently used for its establishment has No.1 Ethnic Indian Restaurant. 2) RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES Internationally competitive suppliers and other related industries represent a critical resource for international success. Clusters of such industries, each offering expertise and world-class service, can be vital. For example, Quilon (THE TAJ GROUP) relies on its world success not just from Hospitality sector but on a range of other products like Food Products, Automobile, Steel and Telecom. 3) FIRM STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY Fierce national competition will drive innovation, force down costs and develop new methods of competing that can then be used internationally by the same companies. Similarly, the Quilon success in Uk was its strength of the highly competitive home market. In Asia the parent company of Quilon has TATA GOUP has established major share of Indian Market. TAG group in UK Hospitality sector has first started with TETLY tea 51 BUKINGHAM PALACE HOTEL and BOMBAY BRAISSIERE which helped Quilon to survive rivalry between the competitors. Source : http://uk.tata.com/ 4) DEMAND CONDITIONS Highly sophisticated and demanding Customers in a nations home market will drive up innovation and quality. Quilon Authentic food with taste and quality created demand among the customer which resulted in tailoring the Menu and delivering the innovate food within the Market. Which awarded Quilon with One Michelin Star for the Quality Delivered. In addition, there are two other factors that are important : 1. The role of Government- Quilon stages of improvement can be influenced by the government regulatios and subsidies. 2. The role of Chance Events The competitive advantage of Quilon can shift in unpredictable ways by various reasons like Recession, Oil price rise and So on. Source: Managing the Multinational Enterprise by John M Stopford, P.No-707 Quilon (The TAJ Group) Market Portfolios The Taj group examines its existing Hospitality portfolio and decides whether new products are necessary. Initially, the firm may provide additional products and services for the domestic market before expanding into international markets . Alternatively, the company may decide to internationalize on the basis of a single successful product. Source : MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS PRACTICES, Tim Hannagan, 4th Edition, P.No- 43 More frequently firms expand internationally by first developing a portfolio of products with the ultimate objective of entering numerous international markets. This was the approach followed initially by Taj Group when it first decided to internationalize. The company built up a portfolio of Hotels and restaurant before venturing abroad. Less frequently firms expand rapidly into many international markets first with a single product and only later do they develop a full portfolio of products. 51 Buckingham Gate was the first international property from the luxury group Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces which was acquired in 1982, formerly known as St Jamess Court Hotel. After the success of 51 Buckingham Gate, they expanded their hospitality sector by Opening Quilon Restaurant and Bombay Brassiere by 1903. Conclusion: Conversely speaking it is incumbent on all hotel organizations that have aspirations to develop brand names across national boundaries to understand what globalization means. A truly global enterprise will have the ability to react quickly to market opportunities, no matter where they present themselves by applying business concepts that have been proven in the context of a global undertaking. In a world moving more and more towards globalization, hotel organizations will need to communicate more quickly, operate more productively, offer their employees greater opportunity and deliver their customers enhanced benefits. Those companies that address these issues today will be better prepared for the global market space of tomorrow.

A Career As A Bricklayer :: Free Essay Writer

A good career for me would be a bricklayer. Bricklayers make a lot of money but it’s also a lot of work. It’s a job that most people wouldn’t necessarily enjoy but on the other hand you would make a lot of money, about $14-$18 an hour. (WOIS p ) A quote from my sister who works at Big Kmart is, â€Å"People work at jobs they don’t enjoy just so they can make a lot of money.† I think I could do the job well. Three reasons I think I could do the job well are, I’m a good worker, I have a lot of energy, and I know a lot about bricks. With these three reasons in mind, it would be good to think of a bricklayer as a career for me. I think that I would be a really good bricklayer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’m a good worker. If you were to give me a job to do then I would do it and do it well. If I’m focused and determined to do the job, I will get the job done successfully. That’s pretty much all there is to it. If you told me to build a wall out of bricks, for example, I’m the kind of person who will be right on the job. I’ll just start working then I’ll work until the wall or whatever it may be is built. Now everyone has days that they are tired but they still have to work. Let’s say I was tired, I would work not only because I had to but because I would care so much about my job to do my absolute best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my whole life I have had a somewhat large amount of energy. That means that I can do something for a long period of time, without getting tired. Bricklayers work different amounts of hours all the time. It depends on the project and on who you are working for. A lot of bricklayers are self employed so they work what they want to. So it really depends on what exactly you are doing (WOIS p ). I could work long hours, that is another reason why I’d be good at my job. Most people would hire you for the job if they know that you will get the job done in a reasonable amount of time doing a fair job. My sister says that, â€Å"One of the most important aspects about a job is having a good reputation. If your boss knows you will do the job and do it well then you should be

Katherine Mansfield :: essays research papers fc

Katherine Mansfield Katherine Mansfield, who lived from 1888 to 1923, is considered to be one of the most remarkable short story writers of her time. Using her life experiences as an inspiration for her short stories, Mansfield sculpted her ideas into masterful pieces of literary work. Mansfield's life was full of interesting experiences that shaped her outlook upon life. The diversity of friends and acquaintances Katherine Mansfield had over her lifetime also had a great influence on her career. Even as a child, Mansfield made decisions about her life that would create a path for her career to start on. Katherine Mansfield was born Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp to Harold and Annie Dyer Beauchamp on October 14, 1888. The Beauchamp family called New Zealand their home. "A Sea Voyage", written by the young Kathleen Beauchamp, won first-place at the Karori Village School, the grammar school she first attended (Nathan 1). This accomplishment encouraged young Beauchamp to continu e on writing. After attending grammar school, Kathleen went on to attend Miss Swainson's Secondary School. During this time, she is acquainted with Maata Mahupuka, a native Maori. Her interest in Mahupuka later grew into a brief love affair with him (Nathan 1). After graduating from secondary school, Miss Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp left New Zealand. She decided this after thwarting the idea of a career in music. Beauchamp went on to attend London's Queens College and study literature. While in attendance at Queens College, Kathleen made a friend in Ida Baker. Ida Baker, like Beauchamp, was an avid writer. Kathleen gave the pen name "Lesley Moore" to Ida, after Beauchamp's brother Lesley (Sampson 308). In the spring of 1907, Miss Beauchamp held in garden party and invited many of her acquaintances from college. The party was a complete success until it was discovered that a cottager who lived on the property had been accidentally killed (Nathan 1). This event spawned to b ecome "The Garden Party", Beauchamp's first major work (Encarta). In 1909, Kathleen Beauchamp became acquainted with a man by the name of G. C. Bowden. After only a brief period they became engaged and married. The evening after their marriage, Kathleen left Bowden (Disc. Authors 1). Leaving Bowden, she ran away with her longtime friend Garnet Trowell. Trowell was from Wellington; she was a fairly well known cellist. While running away with Garnet Trowell, Kathleen had an affair with a man who ultimately impregnates her.